Respiratory failure causes

Respiratory failure Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Respiratory Failure from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Chest X Ray
Electrocardiogram
CT
MRI
Echocardiography and ultrasound
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical therapy
Oxygen therapy
Mechanical ventilation
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Respiratory failure causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Respiratory failure causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Respiratory failure causes
CDC on Respiratory failure causes
Respiratory failure causes in the news
Blogs on Respiratory failure causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Type page name here
Risk calculators and risk factors for Respiratory failure causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

Disease name] may be caused by [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].

OR

Common causes of [disease] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].

OR

The most common cause of [disease name] is [cause 1]. Less common causes of [disease name] include [cause 2], [cause 3], and [cause 4].

OR

The cause of [disease name] has not been identified. To review risk factors for the development of [disease name], click here.

Causes

• Type I respiratory failure:
  • Pneumonia
  • Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
    • Caused by increased hydrostatic pressure in the pulmonary capillaries
  • Non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema
    • Caused by increased permeability in the pulmonary capillaries
    • Acute lung injury
    • Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
  • Pulmonary embolism
  • Atelectasis
  • Pulmonary fibrosis

• Type II respiratory failure:
  • Central hypoventilation
  • Asthma
  • Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
    • Hypoxemia and hypercapnia often coexist
  • Neuromuscular and chest wall disorders
    • Myopathies
    • Neuropathies
    • Kyphoscoliosis
    • Myasthenia gravis
  • Obesity hypoventilation syndrome

• Type III respiratory failure:
  • Inadequate post-operative analgesia
    • Upper abdominal incision
  • Obesity
  • Ascites
  • Pre-operative tobacco smoking
  • Excessive airway secretions

• Type IV respiratory failure:
  • Cardiogenic shock
  • Septic shock
  • Hypovolemic shock

Life-threatening Causes

• Life-threatening causes include conditions which may result in death or permanent disability within 24 hours if left untreated. There are no life-threatening causes of disease name, however complications resulting from untreated disease name is common.
• Life-threatening causes of [symptom/manifestation] include [cause1], [cause2], and [cause3].
• [Cause] is a life-threatening cause of [disease].

Common Causes

• Azacitidine
• Codeine
• Clozapine
• Fentanyl
• Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid
• Heroin
• Ketamine
• Lidocaine
• Labetalol
• Lorazepam
• Morphine
• Nitrazepam
• Opiate
• Oxymorphone
• Procainamide (patient information)
• Sodium thiopental
• Triazolam
• Zopiclone

Causes by Organ System

Cardiovascular	Atrial septal defect (ostium primum), Ebstein anomaly, Eisenmenger syndrome, Fallot tetralogy, Pulmonary valve stenosis, Transposition of great arteries, Tricuspid valve stenosis, Ventricular septal defect -
Chemical / poisoning	3-Quinuclidinyl benzilate, Abrin, Aldicarb, Alpha-amanitin, Barium nitrate, Bungarotoxin, Carbon monoxide poisoning, Ceritinib Cocaine, Cone snail, Furfural, Snakebites (Patient information)
Congenital	Atrial septal defect (ostium primum), Bland-White-Garland Syndrome, Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome, Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, Fallot tetralogy, Fetal circulation, persistent, Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)
Dermatologic	No underlying causes
Drug Side Effect	Codeine, Clozapine, Crizotinib, Cyclophosphamide, Desmopressin, Dornase Alfa, Fentanyl, Gamma-Hydroxybutyric acid, galsulfase, Heroin, Idursulfase, interferon alfacon-1, Ixabepilone, Ketamine, Lidocaine, Labetalol, Lorazepam, Morphine, Nitrazepam, Opiate, Oxymorphone, Pegylated interferon alfa-2b, Pramipexole, Procainamide (patient information), Rasburicase, Sodium thiopental, Tretinoin, Triazolam, Vincristine sulfate liposome, Zopiclone
Ear Nose Throat	No underlying causes
Endocrine	No underlying causes
Environmental	Asbestosis, Coal worker pneumoconiosis, Smoke inhalation, Sulfur dioxide
Gastroenterologic	Hepatic failure, Hepatopulmonary syndrome
Genetic	Achondrogenesis, Acute Porphyria, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Atelosteogenesis, type II, Becker's muscular dystrophy, Carnitine palmitoyltransferase II deficiency, Cystic fibrosis, Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy, Familial dysautonomia, Hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia, Osteogenesis imperfecta, Thanatophoric dysplasia
Hematologic	Acute Porphyria, Cholesterol Emboli Syndrome, Fat embolism, Sepsis
Iatrogenic	Blood transfusion, EVAR
Infectious Disease	Babesiosis, Botulism, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome, Heartworm, Post-polio syndrome, Rabies, Tetanus
Musculoskeletal / Ortho	Kyphoscoliosis
Neurologic	Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, Meningitis, Polyrediculitis, Zellweger syndrome
Nutritional / Metabolic	Metabolic Acidosis
Obstetric/Gynecologic	No underlying causes
Oncologic	Malignant Mesothelioma
Ophthalmologic	No underlying causes
Overdose / Toxicity	Acetylsalicylic acid, Alcohol, Bufotenin, Clitocybe dealbata, Colchicine, Cytisine, Dicofol, Saxitoxin, Tetrodotoxin, Tick paralysis, Vinyl chloride
Psychiatric	No underlying causes
Pulmonary	Acute lung syndrome, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, Atelectasis, Bronchial asthma, Bronchiectasis, Bronchiolitis, Bronchiolitis obliterans, Bronchogenic carcinoma, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Cystic adenomatoid malformation of lung, Emphysema, Eosinophilic pneumonia, Fibrosing alveolitis, Flail chest, Interstitial fibrosis, Laryngo-/Bronchospasm, Legionella pneumophila, Pleural effusion, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, Pulmonary arterio-venous malformation, Pulmonary edema, Pulmonary embolism, Pulmonary hypertension, Pulmonary oedema, Restrictive Lung Disease, Status asthmaticus
Renal / Electrolyte	Electrolyte abnormalities
Rheum / Immune / Allergy	Acute motor axonal neuropathy, Anaphylaxis, Angioedema, Antiphospholipid Antibody Syndrome, Devic's disease, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Hamman-Rich Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis, Satoyoshi syndrome
Trauma	Ebstein anomaly, Flail chest
Urologic	No underlying causes
Miscellaneous	Aspiration, Foreign body, Malignant hyperpyrexia, Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, Near-drowning, Reye's syndrome

Causes in Alphabetical Order

List the causes of the disease in alphabetical order. {{columns-list|3|

• Desmopressin
• Ixabepilone