Sandbox:Mir: Difference between revisions

Jump to navigation Jump to search
VisualWikitext
No edit summary
No edit summary
Line 37: Line 37:
*[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]
*[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea]] and [[vomiting]]
*[[Diaphoresis]]
*[[Diaphoresis]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking,  family history of premature disease, and diabetes
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking,  family history of premature disease, and diabetes
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Transient [[third heart sound]] [[S3|(S3]] - [[Ventricular|ventricular filling sound]]) and [[fourth heart sound]] ([[S4]] - [[atrial]] filling sound)
*Transient [[third heart sound]] [[S3|(S3]] - [[Ventricular|ventricular filling sound]]) and [[fourth heart sound]] ([[S4]] - [[atrial]] filling sound)
Line 51: Line 52:
|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
|
|
|'''[[Unstable Angina]]'''<ref name="pmid8998090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tatum JL, Jesse RL, Kontos MC, Nicholson CS, Schmidt KL, Roberts CS, Ornato JP |title=Comprehensive strategy for the evaluation and triage of the chest pain patient |journal=Ann Emerg Med |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=116–25 |date=January 1997 |pmid=8998090 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10492848">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ornato JP |title=Chest pain emergency centers: improving acute myocardial infarction care |journal=Clin Cardiol |volume=22 |issue=8 Suppl |pages=IV3–9 |date=August 1999 |pmid=10492848 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7611601">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gibler WB |title=Evaluation of chest pain in the emergency department |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=123 |issue=4 |pages=315; author reply 317–8 |date=August 1995 |pmid=7611601 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
!'''[[Unstable Angina]]'''<ref name="pmid8998090">{{cite journal |vauthors=Tatum JL, Jesse RL, Kontos MC, Nicholson CS, Schmidt KL, Roberts CS, Ornato JP |title=Comprehensive strategy for the evaluation and triage of the chest pain patient |journal=Ann Emerg Med |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=116–25 |date=January 1997 |pmid=8998090 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10492848">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ornato JP |title=Chest pain emergency centers: improving acute myocardial infarction care |journal=Clin Cardiol |volume=22 |issue=8 Suppl |pages=IV3–9 |date=August 1999 |pmid=10492848 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7611601">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gibler WB |title=Evaluation of chest pain in the emergency department |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=123 |issue=4 |pages=315; author reply 317–8 |date=August 1995 |pmid=7611601 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |10-20 minutes
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |10-20 minutes
Line 65: Line 66:
*[[Presyncope]]
*[[Presyncope]]
*[[Palpitation|Palpitations]]
*[[Palpitation|Palpitations]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking,  family history of premature disease, and diabetes
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking,  family history of premature disease, and diabetes
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
*Reverse [[Splitting of S2|splitting]] of the [[second heart sound]]
*Reverse [[Splitting of S2|splitting]] of the [[second heart sound]]
Line 83: Line 85:
|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
|
|
|'''[[Myocardial Infarction]]'''<ref name="pmid8704488">{{cite journal |vauthors=Svavarsdóttir AE, Jónasson MR, Gudmundsson GH, Fjeldsted K |title=Chest pain in family practice. Diagnosis and long-term outcome in a community setting |journal=Can Fam Physician |volume=42 |issue= |pages=1122–8 |date=June 1996 |pmid=8704488 |pmc=2146490 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8163958">{{cite journal |vauthors=Klinkman MS, Stevens D, Gorenflo DW |title=Episodes of care for chest pain: a preliminary report from MIRNET. Michigan Research Network |journal=J Fam Pract |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=345–52 |date=April 1994 |pmid=8163958 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19883149">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bösner S, Becker A, Haasenritter J, Abu Hani M, Keller H, Sönnichsen AC, Karatolios K, Schaefer JR, Seitz G, Baum E, Donner-Banzhoff N |title=Chest pain in primary care: epidemiology and pre-work-up probabilities |journal=Eur J Gen Pract |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=141–6 |date= 2009 |pmid=19883149 |doi=10.3109/13814780903329528 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21391528">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ebell MH |title=Evaluation of chest pain in primary care patients |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=603–5 |date=March 2011 |pmid=21391528 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
!'''[[Myocardial Infarction]]'''<ref name="pmid8704488">{{cite journal |vauthors=Svavarsdóttir AE, Jónasson MR, Gudmundsson GH, Fjeldsted K |title=Chest pain in family practice. Diagnosis and long-term outcome in a community setting |journal=Can Fam Physician |volume=42 |issue= |pages=1122–8 |date=June 1996 |pmid=8704488 |pmc=2146490 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8163958">{{cite journal |vauthors=Klinkman MS, Stevens D, Gorenflo DW |title=Episodes of care for chest pain: a preliminary report from MIRNET. Michigan Research Network |journal=J Fam Pract |volume=38 |issue=4 |pages=345–52 |date=April 1994 |pmid=8163958 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19883149">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bösner S, Becker A, Haasenritter J, Abu Hani M, Keller H, Sönnichsen AC, Karatolios K, Schaefer JR, Seitz G, Baum E, Donner-Banzhoff N |title=Chest pain in primary care: epidemiology and pre-work-up probabilities |journal=Eur J Gen Pract |volume=15 |issue=3 |pages=141–6 |date= 2009 |pmid=19883149 |doi=10.3109/13814780903329528 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21391528">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ebell MH |title=Evaluation of chest pain in primary care patients |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=83 |issue=5 |pages=603–5 |date=March 2011 |pmid=21391528 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Commonly > 20 minutes
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Commonly > 20 minutes
Line 98: Line 100:
*[[Palpitation|Palpitations]]
*[[Palpitation|Palpitations]]
*[[Lateral]] [[displacement]] of the [[apical impulse]]
*[[Lateral]] [[displacement]] of the [[apical impulse]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking,  family history of premature disease, and diabetes
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking,  family history of premature disease, and diabetes
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Hypotension
* Hypotension
Line 121: Line 124:
|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
! rowspan="9" |Cardiac
! rowspan="9" |Cardiac
|Vasospastic/ Prinzmetal/ Variant Angina<ref name="pmid14434946">{{cite journal |vauthors=PRINZMETAL M, KENNAMER R, MERLISS R, WADA T, BOR N |title=Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=27 |issue= |pages=375–88 |date=September 1959 |pmid=14434946 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3779913">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaski JC, Crea F, Meran D, Rodriguez L, Araujo L, Chierchia S, Davies G, Maseri A |title=Local coronary supersensitivity to diverse vasoconstrictive stimuli in patients with variant angina |journal=Circulation |volume=74 |issue=6 |pages=1255–65 |date=December 1986 |pmid=3779913 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
!Vasospastic/ Prinzmetal/ Variant Angina<ref name="pmid14434946">{{cite journal |vauthors=PRINZMETAL M, KENNAMER R, MERLISS R, WADA T, BOR N |title=Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=27 |issue= |pages=375–88 |date=September 1959 |pmid=14434946 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3779913">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaski JC, Crea F, Meran D, Rodriguez L, Araujo L, Chierchia S, Davies G, Maseri A |title=Local coronary supersensitivity to diverse vasoconstrictive stimuli in patients with variant angina |journal=Circulation |volume=74 |issue=6 |pages=1255–65 |date=December 1986 |pmid=3779913 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Gradual in onset and offset  
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Gradual in onset and offset  
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Episodic, gradual in onset and offset.
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Episodic, gradual in onset and offset.
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Chest discomfort described as squeezing, tightness, pressure, constriction, strangling, burning, heart burn, fullness in the chest, a band-like sensation, knot in the center of the chest, lump in the throat, ache, and heavy weight on chest
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Chest discomfort described as squeezing, tightness, pressure, constriction, strangling, burning, heart burn, fullness in the chest, a band-like sensation, knot in the center of the chest, lump in the throat, ache, and heavy weight on chest
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" | -
Line 137: Line 141:
* Guide wire or balloon dilatation while doing PCI  
* Guide wire or balloon dilatation while doing PCI  
* Magnesium deficiency
* Magnesium deficiency
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, and a gallop rhythm 
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, and a gallop rhythm 
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |
* Urine drug screen may be positive for cocaine or other drugs
* Urine drug screen may be positive for cocaine or other drugs
Line 153: Line 158:
* Coronary arteriography
* Coronary arteriography
|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
|'''[[Aortic Dissection]]'''<ref name="pmid28847596">{{cite journal |vauthors=Takagi H, Ando T, Umemoto T |title=Meta-Analysis of Circadian Variation in the Onset of Acute Aortic Dissection |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=120 |issue=9 |pages=1662–1666 |date=November 2017 |pmid=28847596 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.07.067 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11922269">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kojima S, Sumiyoshi M, Nakata Y, Daida H |title=Triggers and circadian distribution of the onset of acute aortic dissection |journal=Circ. J. |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=232–5 |date=March 2002 |pmid=11922269 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
!'''[[Aortic Dissection]]'''<ref name="pmid28847596">{{cite journal |vauthors=Takagi H, Ando T, Umemoto T |title=Meta-Analysis of Circadian Variation in the Onset of Acute Aortic Dissection |journal=Am. J. Cardiol. |volume=120 |issue=9 |pages=1662–1666 |date=November 2017 |pmid=28847596 |doi=10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.07.067 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid11922269">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kojima S, Sumiyoshi M, Nakata Y, Daida H |title=Triggers and circadian distribution of the onset of acute aortic dissection |journal=Circ. J. |volume=66 |issue=3 |pages=232–5 |date=March 2002 |pmid=11922269 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Sudden severe progressive pain (common) or chronic (rare)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Sudden severe progressive pain (common) or chronic (rare)
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Variable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Variable
Line 195: Line 200:
*Digital subtraction aortography (if high suspicion)
*Digital subtraction aortography (if high suspicion)
|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
|'''[[Pericarditis]]'''<ref name="pmid15028364">{{cite journal |vauthors=Imazio M, Demichelis B, Parrini I, Giuggia M, Cecchi E, Gaschino G, Demarie D, Ghisio A, Trinchero R |title=Day-hospital treatment of acute pericarditis: a management program for outpatient therapy |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=1042–6 |date=March 2004 |pmid=15028364 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2003.09.055 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15001332">{{cite journal |vauthors=Troughton RW, Asher CR, Klein AL |title=Pericarditis |journal=Lancet |volume=363 |issue=9410 |pages=717–27 |date=February 2004 |pmid=15001332 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15648-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12622586">{{cite journal |vauthors=Spodick DH |title=Acute pericarditis: current concepts and practice |journal=JAMA |volume=289 |issue=9 |pages=1150–3 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12622586 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
!'''[[Pericarditis]]'''<ref name="pmid15028364">{{cite journal |vauthors=Imazio M, Demichelis B, Parrini I, Giuggia M, Cecchi E, Gaschino G, Demarie D, Ghisio A, Trinchero R |title=Day-hospital treatment of acute pericarditis: a management program for outpatient therapy |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=43 |issue=6 |pages=1042–6 |date=March 2004 |pmid=15028364 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2003.09.055 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15001332">{{cite journal |vauthors=Troughton RW, Asher CR, Klein AL |title=Pericarditis |journal=Lancet |volume=363 |issue=9410 |pages=717–27 |date=February 2004 |pmid=15001332 |doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15648-1 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12622586">{{cite journal |vauthors=Spodick DH |title=Acute pericarditis: current concepts and practice |journal=JAMA |volume=289 |issue=9 |pages=1150–3 |date=March 2003 |pmid=12622586 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute or subacute
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |Acute or subacute
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |May last for hours to days
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px;" |May last for hours to days
Line 229: Line 234:
*Pericardial biopsy
*Pericardial biopsy
|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
|- style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px;" |
|}
<references />

Revision as of 18:04, 6 March 2018

Differentials on the basis of Etiology Disease Clinical manifestations Diagnosis
Symptoms Risk factors Physical exam Lab Findings EKG Imaging Gold standard
Onset Duration Quality of Pain Cough Fever Dyspnea Weight loss Associated Features
Stable Angina[1] Sudden (acute) 2-10 minutes
  • Heaviness/pressure/ tightness/squeezing/ burning (Levine's sign)
  • Retrosternal or left sided chest pain
 - - +/- -
  • Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, family history of premature disease, and diabetes
  • Cardiac enzymes normal
  • Exercise EKG: ST-segment depression
  • Exercise Stress Testing: Decreased myocardial perfusion
  • Transthoracic echocardiography: Ejection fraction <50 percent
  • Coronary angiography
Unstable Angina[2][3][4] Acute 10-20 minutes
  • Same as stable angina but often more severe
 - - + -
  • Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, family history of premature disease, and diabetes
  • ST-depression
  • New T wave inversions
  • Transient ST-elevation
  • Echocardiography: Ejection fraction <50 percent
  • Exercise Stress Testing: Decreased myocardial perfusion
  • Invasive coronary angiography
Myocardial Infarction[5][6][7][8] Acute Commonly > 20 minutes
  • Same as stable angina but often more severe
 - - + -
  • Dyslipidemia, hypertension, smoking, family history of premature disease, and diabetes
  • Hypotension
  • Tachycardia
  • ST elevation MI (STEMI)
  • Non-ST elevation MI (NSTEMI) or Non Q wave
  • Echocardiography: ↓ EF
  • CCTA: Coronory artery stenosis
  • CMRI: Coronory vessels stenosis
  • MPI on SPECT or PET scanning: Decreased myocardial perfusion.
  • CCTA combined with MPI
Cardiac Vasospastic/ Prinzmetal/ Variant Angina[9][10] Gradual in onset and offset Episodic, gradual in onset and offset.
  • Chest discomfort described as squeezing, tightness, pressure, constriction, strangling, burning, heart burn, fullness in the chest, a band-like sensation, knot in the center of the chest, lump in the throat, ache, and heavy weight on chest
 - - + -
  • Nausea, sweating, dizziness, dyspnea, and palpitations
  • Associated with other vasospastic disorders, such as Raynaud's phenomenon and migraine headache
  • Multiple drugs (ephedrine-based products, cocaine, marijuana, alcohol, butane, sumatriptan, and amphetamines)
  • Food-born botulism
  • Guide wire or balloon dilatation while doing PCI
  • Magnesium deficiency
  • Tachycardia, hypertension, diaphoresis, and a gallop rhythm 
  • Urine drug screen may be positive for cocaine or other drugs
  • Transient (less than 15 minutes) ischemic ST changes in multiple leads
  • A tall and broad R wave,
  • Disappearance of the S wave
  • A taller T wave
  • Negative U waves
  • Stress testing: normal noninvasive stress test, exercise-induced spasm with ST-segment elevation,
  • Stress echocardiography with ergonovine provocation: Vasospasm of coronory vessels
  • Coronary arteriography: Epicardial spasm
  • Coronary arteriography
Aortic Dissection[11][12] Sudden severe progressive pain (common) or chronic (rare) Variable
  • Tearing, ripping sensation, knife like
 - - + -
  • Hypertension
  • Genetically mediated collagen disorders
  • Preexisting aortic aneurysm
  • Bicuspid aortic valve
  • Aortic coarctation
  • Turner syndrome
  • Vasculitis (giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis, rheumatoid arthritis, syphilitic aortitis)
  • Nonspecific ST and T wave changes
  • CXR: Mediastinal and/or aortic widening
  • CTA: A compressed true lumen
  • MRA: Detects differential flow between the true and false lumens, widening of the aorta with a thickened wall
  • TEE: Intimal dissection flaps, true and false lumens, thrombosis in the false lumen
  • Aortography: Distortion of the normal contrast column, Flow reversal or stasis into a false channel, Failure of major branches to fill, and Aortic valvular regurgitation
  • CT angiography
  • Digital subtraction aortography (if high suspicion)
Pericarditis[13][14][15] Acute or subacute May last for hours to days
  • Sharp & localized retrosternal pain
 + + + -
  • HIV
  • TB
  • Immunosuppression
  • Acute trauma
  • EKG changes (typically widespread ST segment elevation or PR depressions)
  • Chest x-ray typically normal
  • Echocardiogram: normal or pericardial effusion
  • CT scan: Noncalcified pericardial thickening with pericardial effusion
  • CMR: inflamed pericardium and myocarditis
  • Pericardiocentesis
  • Pericardial biopsy
  1. ↑ Fihn SD, Gardin JM, Abrams J, Berra K, Blankenship JC, Dallas AP, Douglas PS, Foody JM, Gerber TC, Hinderliter AL, King SB, Kligfield PD, Krumholz HM, Kwong RY, Lim MJ, Linderbaum JA, Mack MJ, Munger MA, Prager RL, Sabik JF, Shaw LJ, Sikkema JD, Smith CR, Smith SC, Spertus JA, Williams SV, Anderson JL (December 2012). "2012 ACCF/AHA/ACP/AATS/PCNA/SCAI/STS guideline for the diagnosis and management of patients with stable ischemic heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines, and the American College of Physicians, American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Preventive Cardiovascular Nurses Association, Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons". Circulation. 126 (25): e354–471. doi:10.1161/CIR.0b013e318277d6a0. PMID 23166211.
  2. ↑ Tatum JL, Jesse RL, Kontos MC, Nicholson CS, Schmidt KL, Roberts CS, Ornato JP (January 1997). "Comprehensive strategy for the evaluation and triage of the chest pain patient". Ann Emerg Med. 29 (1): 116–25. PMID 8998090.
  3. ↑ Ornato JP (August 1999). "Chest pain emergency centers: improving acute myocardial infarction care". Clin Cardiol. 22 (8 Suppl): IV3–9. PMID 10492848.
  4. ↑ Gibler WB (August 1995). "Evaluation of chest pain in the emergency department". Ann. Intern. Med. 123 (4): 315, author reply 317–8. PMID 7611601.
  5. ↑ Svavarsdóttir AE, Jónasson MR, Gudmundsson GH, Fjeldsted K (June 1996). "Chest pain in family practice. Diagnosis and long-term outcome in a community setting". Can Fam Physician. 42: 1122–8. PMC 2146490. PMID 8704488.
  6. ↑ Klinkman MS, Stevens D, Gorenflo DW (April 1994). "Episodes of care for chest pain: a preliminary report from MIRNET. Michigan Research Network". J Fam Pract. 38 (4): 345–52. PMID 8163958.
  7. ↑ Bösner S, Becker A, Haasenritter J, Abu Hani M, Keller H, Sönnichsen AC, Karatolios K, Schaefer JR, Seitz G, Baum E, Donner-Banzhoff N (2009). "Chest pain in primary care: epidemiology and pre-work-up probabilities". Eur J Gen Pract. 15 (3): 141–6. doi:10.3109/13814780903329528. PMID 19883149.
  8. ↑ Ebell MH (March 2011). "Evaluation of chest pain in primary care patients". Am Fam Physician. 83 (5): 603–5. PMID 21391528.
  9. ↑ PRINZMETAL M, KENNAMER R, MERLISS R, WADA T, BOR N (September 1959). "Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report". Am. J. Med. 27: 375–88. PMID 14434946.
  10. ↑ Kaski JC, Crea F, Meran D, Rodriguez L, Araujo L, Chierchia S, Davies G, Maseri A (December 1986). "Local coronary supersensitivity to diverse vasoconstrictive stimuli in patients with variant angina". Circulation. 74 (6): 1255–65. PMID 3779913.
  11. ↑ Takagi H, Ando T, Umemoto T (November 2017). "Meta-Analysis of Circadian Variation in the Onset of Acute Aortic Dissection". Am. J. Cardiol. 120 (9): 1662–1666. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.07.067. PMID 28847596.
  12. ↑ Kojima S, Sumiyoshi M, Nakata Y, Daida H (March 2002). "Triggers and circadian distribution of the onset of acute aortic dissection". Circ. J. 66 (3): 232–5. PMID 11922269.
  13. ↑ Imazio M, Demichelis B, Parrini I, Giuggia M, Cecchi E, Gaschino G, Demarie D, Ghisio A, Trinchero R (March 2004). "Day-hospital treatment of acute pericarditis: a management program for outpatient therapy". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 43 (6): 1042–6. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.09.055. PMID 15028364.
  14. ↑ Troughton RW, Asher CR, Klein AL (February 2004). "Pericarditis". Lancet. 363 (9410): 717–27. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(04)15648-1. PMID 15001332.
  15. ↑ Spodick DH (March 2003). "Acute pericarditis: current concepts and practice". JAMA. 289 (9): 1150–3. PMID 12622586.
Retrieved from "https://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Sandbox:Mir&oldid=1452236"