Altitude sickness epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== | ===Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate=== | ||
* | *The mortality rate of altitude sickness is approximately as following:<ref name="pmid25110611">{{cite journal |vauthors=Burtscher M |title=Effects of living at higher altitudes on mortality: a narrative review |journal=Aging Dis |volume=5 |issue=4 |pages=274–80 |date=August 2014 |pmid=25110611 |doi=10.14336/AD.2014.0500274 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid23908794">{{cite journal |vauthors=Taylor AT |title=High-altitude illnesses: physiology, risk factors, prevention, and treatment |journal=Rambam Maimonides Med J |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=e0022 |date=January 2011 |pmid=23908794 |pmc=3678789 |doi=10.5041/RMMJ.10022 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* | **289 per 100,000 individuals in men below 300 m of altitude | ||
**242 per 100,000 individuals in men at altitudes above 1500 m | |||
**104 per 100,000 individuals in women at below 300 m of altitude | |||
**74 per 100,000 individuals in women at altitude 1500 to 1960 m | |||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
Revision as of 15:37, 7 March 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
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Overview
With a rapid ascension to high altitudes in 1 to 3 days, more than 50% of people develop altitude sickness. The incidence of clinical HAPE in unacclimatized travelers exposed to high altitude (~ 4,000 m) appears to be less than 1%. In over 30 years of research experience, the U.S. Army Pike's Peak Research Laboratory, utilizing about 300 sea-level resident volunteers (and more than 100 staff members) rapidly and directly exposed to high altitude, only 3 were evacuated with suspected HAPE.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
Prevalence
- The prevalence of altitude sickness is approximately as following:[2][3]
- 9000 per 100,000 individuals of people at 2850 m
- 13000 per 100,000 individuals of people at 3050 m
- 34000 per individuals of people at 3650 m
- 53,000 per 100,000 individuals of people at 4559 m
Case-fatality rate/Mortality rate
- The mortality rate of altitude sickness is approximately as following:[4][5]
- 289 per 100,000 individuals in men below 300 m of altitude
- 242 per 100,000 individuals in men at altitudes above 1500 m
- 104 per 100,000 individuals in women at below 300 m of altitude
- 74 per 100,000 individuals in women at altitude 1500 to 1960 m
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- The incidence of [disease name] increases with age; the median age at diagnosis is [#] years.
- [Disease name] commonly affects individuals younger than/older than [number of years] years of age.
- [Chronic disease name] is usually first diagnosed among [age group].
- [Acute disease name] commonly affects [age group].
Race
- There is no racial predilection to [disease name].
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race. [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected by [disease name] than [gender 2]. The [gender 1] to [gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Region
- The majority of [disease name] cases are reported in [geographical region].
- [Disease name] is a common/rare disease that tends to affect [patient population 1] and [patient population 2].
Developed Countries
Developing Countries
References
- ↑ Hackett PH, Rennie D, Levine HD (November 1976). "The incidence, importance, and prophylaxis of acute mountain sickness". Lancet. 2 (7996): 1149–55. PMID 62991.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Murdoch D (March 2010). "Altitude sickness". BMJ Clin Evid. 2010. PMC 2907615. PMID 21718562.
- ↑ Mairer K, Wille M, Burtscher M (2010). "The prevalence of and risk factors for acute mountain sickness in the Eastern and Western Alps". High Alt. Med. Biol. 11 (4): 343–8. doi:10.1089/ham.2010.1039. PMID 21190503.
- ↑ Burtscher M (August 2014). "Effects of living at higher altitudes on mortality: a narrative review". Aging Dis. 5 (4): 274–80. doi:10.14336/AD.2014.0500274. PMID 25110611.
- ↑ Taylor AT (January 2011). "High-altitude illnesses: physiology, risk factors, prevention, and treatment". Rambam Maimonides Med J. 2 (1): e0022. doi:10.5041/RMMJ.10022. PMC 3678789. PMID 23908794.