Sjögren's syndrome history and symptoms

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Farima Kahe M.D. [2]

History and Symptoms

• The majority of patients with [disease name] are asymptomatic.

OR

• The hallmark of [disease name] is [finding]. A positive history of [finding 1] and [finding 2] is suggestive of [disease name]. The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
• Symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].

History

Patients with Sjögren's syndrome may have a positive history of:

• Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
• Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE)

Common Symptoms

Common symptoms of Sjögren's syndrome include:

• Skin manifestations
  • Xerosis
  • Purpura, associated with vascular or hematologic abnormalities
  • Raynaud phenomenon
  • Cutaneous vasculitis
  • Annular erythema
  • Erythema nodosum
  • Livedo reticularis
  • Lichen planus
  • Vitiligo
  • Cutaneous amyloidosis
  • Granuloma annulare
  • Angular cheilitis
  • Eyelid dermatitis
• Musculoskeletal manifestations
  • Arthralgia
  • Arthritis
  • Myopathy
• Fatigue and fibromyalgia
• Pulmonary symptoms
  • Dryness of the tracheobronchial mucosa(xerotrachea)
  • Dry cough
  • Recurrent bronchitis
  • Pneumonitis (infectious or noninfectious)
• Gastrointestinal manifestations
  • Dysphagia
  • Nausea
  • Dyspepsia and gastritis
  • Celiac disease
  • Hepatic abnormalities
  • subclinical pancreatic disease
  • Dyspnea from interstitial lung disease
• Cardiac involvement
  • Pericarditis
  • Pulmonary hypertension
  • Dysfunction of autonomic control of blood pressure
  • Myocardial disease
• Neurologic and psychiatric symptoms
  • Myelopathy
  • Optic neuropathy
  • Seizures
  • Cognitive dysfunction
  • Encephalopathy
  • Painful sensory neuropathy
  • Sensory ataxic neuropathy
  • Pure sensory trigeminal neuropathy
  • Axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathy
  • Mononeuritis multiplex
  • Multiple cranial neuropathies
  • Radiculoneuropathy
  • Autonomic neuropathy
  • Depression
• Urogenital manifestations
  • Interstitial nephritis
  • Interstitial cystitis
  • Vulvovaginal dryness, pruritus, and dyspareunia
• Parotitis