Psoriatic arthritis: Difference between revisions
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=== Laboratory Findings === | === Laboratory Findings === | ||
*There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [[Psoriatic arthritis (patient information)|psoriatic arthritis]] and most the tests are non-specific. | *There are no specific [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] findings associated with [[Psoriatic arthritis (patient information)|psoriatic arthritis]] and most the tests are non-specific. | ||
*However, there are certain laboratory tests that can check for markers of inflammation and to exclude other diseases. These include:<ref name="pmid17828345">{{cite journal |vauthors=Punzi L, Podswiadek M, Oliviero F, Lonigro A, Modesti V, Ramonda R, Todesco S |title=Laboratory findings in psoriatic arthritis |journal=Reumatismo |volume=59 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=52–5 |date=2007 |pmid=17828345 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *However, there are certain [[Medical laboratory|laboratory]] tests that can check for markers of [[inflammation]] and to exclude other [[Disease|diseases]]. These include:<ref name="pmid17828345">{{cite journal |vauthors=Punzi L, Podswiadek M, Oliviero F, Lonigro A, Modesti V, Ramonda R, Todesco S |title=Laboratory findings in psoriatic arthritis |journal=Reumatismo |volume=59 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=52–5 |date=2007 |pmid=17828345 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
** Complete blood count with differential count | ** [[Complete blood count|CBC]] with differential count | ||
*** Leukocytosis | *** [[Leukocytosis]] | ||
*** [[Anemia|Anaemia]] | *** [[Anemia|Anaemia]] | ||
** Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]] | ** Elevated [[Erythrocyte sedimentation rate|ESR]] | ||
** Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]] (C- reactive protein) | ** Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]] (C- reactive protein) | ||
** Autoantibodies: The following | ** [[Autoantibody|Autoantibodies]]: The following [[Autoantibody|autoantibodies]] may be found in patients with [[Psoriatic arthritis (patient information)|psoriatic arthritis]].<ref name="pmid15834057">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johnson SR, Schentag CT, Gladman DD |title=Autoantibodies in biological agent naive patients with psoriatic arthritis |journal=Ann. Rheum. Dis. |volume=64 |issue=5 |pages=770–2 |date=May 2005 |pmid=15834057 |pmc=1755477 |doi=10.1136/ard.2004.031286 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*** [[Rheumatoid factor]] | *** [[Rheumatoid factor]] | ||
*** [[Antinuclear antibodies|ANA]] ([[Antinuclear antibodies]]) | *** [[Antinuclear antibodies|ANA]] ([[Antinuclear antibodies]]) | ||
Revision as of 16:53, 13 April 2018
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]
Overview
Historical Perspective
- [Disease name] was first discovered by [scientist name], a [nationality + occupation], in [year] during/following [event].
- In [year], [gene] mutations were first identified in the pathogenesis of [disease name].
- In [year], the first [discovery] was developed by [scientist] to treat/diagnose [disease name].
Classification
- [Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups:
- [group1]
- [group2]
- [group3]
- Other variants of [disease name] include [disease subtype 1], [disease subtype 2], and [disease subtype 3].
Pathophysiology
- The pathogenesis of [disease name] is characterized by [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3].
- The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
- On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
Clinical Features
Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases
- [Disease name] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], [clinical feature 2], and [clinical feature 3], such as:
- [Differential dx1]
- [Differential dx2]
- [Differential dx3]
Epidemiology and Demographics
- The prevalence of [disease name] is approximately [number or range] per 100,000 individuals worldwide.
- In [year], the incidence of [disease name] was estimated to be [number or range] cases per 100,000 individuals in [location].
Age
- Patients of all age groups may develop [disease name].
- [Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
- [Disease name] is more commonly observed among [elderly patients/young patients/children].
Gender
- [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
- [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
- The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.
Race
- There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
- [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
- [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].
Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
- The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
- Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
- Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
- Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Criteria
- The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
- [criterion 1]
- [criterion 2]
- [criterion 3]
- [criterion 4]
Symptoms
- [Disease name] is usually asymptomatic.
- Symptoms of [disease name] may include the following:
- [symptom 1]
- [symptom 2]
- [symptom 3]
- [symptom 4]
- [symptom 5]
- [symptom 6]
Physical Examination
- Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
- Physical examination may be remarkable for:
- [finding 1]
- [finding 2]
- [finding 3]
- [finding 4]
- [finding 5]
- [finding 6]
Laboratory Findings
- There are no specific laboratory findings associated with psoriatic arthritis and most the tests are non-specific.
- However, there are certain laboratory tests that can check for markers of inflammation and to exclude other diseases. These include:[1]
- CBC with differential count
- Elevated ESR
- Elevated CRP (C- reactive protein)
- Autoantibodies: The following autoantibodies may be found in patients with psoriatic arthritis.[2]
- Rheumatoid factor
- ANA (Antinuclear antibodies)
- Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies (ACPA)
- Genetic markers:[3][4]
- Synovial fluid analysis: Elevated WBC count suggestive of inflammation.
Imaging Findings
- There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
- [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
- On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
- [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Other Diagnostic Studies
- [Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
- Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
Treatment
Medical Therapy
- There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
- The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
- [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action 1].
- Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].
Surgery
- Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
- [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
- [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].
Prevention
- There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
- Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
- Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].
References
- ↑ Punzi L, Podswiadek M, Oliviero F, Lonigro A, Modesti V, Ramonda R, Todesco S (2007). "Laboratory findings in psoriatic arthritis". Reumatismo. 59 Suppl 1: 52–5. PMID 17828345.
- ↑ Johnson SR, Schentag CT, Gladman DD (May 2005). "Autoantibodies in biological agent naive patients with psoriatic arthritis". Ann. Rheum. Dis. 64 (5): 770–2. doi:10.1136/ard.2004.031286. PMC 1755477. PMID 15834057.
- ↑ Chandran V, Bull SB, Pellett FJ, Ayearst R, Rahman P, Gladman DD (October 2013). "Human leukocyte antigen alleles and susceptibility to psoriatic arthritis". Hum. Immunol. 74 (10): 1333–8. doi:10.1016/j.humimm.2013.07.014. PMID 23916976.
- ↑ Eder L, Chandran V, Pellet F, Shanmugarajah S, Rosen CF, Bull SB, Gladman DD (January 2012). "Human leucocyte antigen risk alleles for psoriatic arthritis among patients with psoriasis". Ann. Rheum. Dis. 71 (1): 50–5. doi:10.1136/ard.2011.155044. PMID 21900282.