Nephritic syndrome causes

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Yazan Daaboul, Serge Korjian Dildar Hussain, MBBS [2]

Overview

Causes of nephritic syndrome vary by age. Causes of nephritic syndrome include post-infectious glomerulonephritis, IgA nephropathy (Berger disease), thin basement membrane disease, and rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis.

Causes

Age plays an important role in identifying the cause of nephritic syndrome. Nonetheless, age should not be the only factor in defining the etiology of nephritic syndrome.

Common Causes of Nephritic Syndrome by Age

Age (Years)	Cause of Nephritic Syndrome
< 15	Post-infectious glomerulonephritis IgA nephropathy (Berger disease) Thin basement membrane disease Alport's syndrome (hereditary nephritis) Henoch-Schonlein purpura Lupus nephritis
15-40	IgA nephropathy (Berger disease) Thin basement membrane disease Lupus nephritis Alport's syndrome (hereditary nephritis) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Post-infectious glomeruloneprhitis
> 40	IgA nephropathy (Berger disease) Rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis Vasculitis Post-infectious glomerulonephritis

^{Adapted from Rose BD. Pathophysiology of renal diseases, ed. 2. New York, McGraw-Hill, 1987,p. 167}

• There are a number of different causes of nephritic syndrome such as:

Primary renal diseases	Secondary renal diseases:	Multi-system disease:	Allergy
Immunoglobulin A nephropathy; Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis Idiopathic rapidly progressive crescenteric glomerulonephritis	Subacute bacterial endocarditis Infected ventriculoperitoneal shunt GN with visceral abscess GN with bacterial, viral or parasitic infections	Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) Wegener’s granulomatosis Goodpasture’s syndrome Microscopic polyarteritis Mixed cryoglobulinaemia Henoch-Schonlein purpura Haemolytic uraemic syndrome	Acute allergic tubulointerstitial nephritis