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| __NOTOC__ | | __NOTOC__ |
| {{Amyloidosis}} | | {{Amyloidosis}} |
| {{CMG}}; {{AE}} | | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{SHH}} |
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| == Overview == | | == Overview == |
| Of the 15 biologically distinct forms of amyloid, the most common ones include AL, AA, Aβ, ATTR and Aβ<sub>2</sub>M.
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| ==Classification== | | ==Classification== |
| classified according to the respective fibril protein precursor.
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| There are 15 biologically distinct forms of amyloid, some more clinically significant than others. Following is a brief description of the more common types of amyloid:
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| {| class="sortable wikitable"
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| ! Official<BR>abb.
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| ! Amyloid type/Gene
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| ! Description
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| ! [[OMIM]]
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| | '''AL'''
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| | [[amyloid light chain]]
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| | [[AL amyloidosis]] / [[multiple myeloma]]. Contains [[immunoglobulin light-chains]] (λ,κ) derived from plasma cells.
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| | {{OMIM2|254500}}
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| | '''AA'''
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| | [[Serum amyloid A|SAA]]
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| | [[AA amyloidosis]]
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| | '''Aβ'''
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| | [[β amyloid]]/[[Amyloid precursor protein|APP]]
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| | Found in [[Alzheimer disease]] brain lesions.
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| | {{OMIM2|605714}}
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| | '''ATTR'''
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| | [[transthyretin]]
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| | A mutant form of a normal serum protein that is deposited in the genetically determined [[familial amyloid polyneuropathies]]. TTR is also deposited in the heart in [[senile systemic amyloidosis]].<ref name="pmid16107109">{{cite journal |author=Hassan W, Al-Sergani H, Mourad W, Tabbaa R |title=Amyloid heart disease. New frontiers and insights in pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management |journal=Tex Heart Inst J |volume=32 |issue=2 |pages=178–84 |year=2005 |pmid=16107109 |doi= |url= |pmc=1163465}}</ref> Also found in [[Leptomeningeal amyloidosis]].
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| | {{OMIM2|105210}}
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| | '''Aβ<sub>2</sub>M'''
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| | [[beta-2 microglobulin|β<sub>2</sub> microglobulin]]
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| | Not to be confused with '''Aβ''', β<sub>2</sub>m is a normal serum protein, part of [[major histocompatibility complex]] (MHC) Class 1 molecules. [[Haemodialysis-associated amyloidosis]]
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| | '''AIAPP'''
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| | [[amylin]]
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| | Found in the pancreas of patients with [[Diabetes mellitus type 2|type 2 diabetes]].
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| | '''APrP'''
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| | [[prion protein]]
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| | In [[prion]] diseases, misfolded prion proteins deposit in tissues and resemble amyloid proteins. Some examples are [[Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease]] (humans), [[Bovine spongiform encephalopathy|BSE or "mad cow disease"]] (cattle), and [[scrapie]] (sheep and goats).
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| | {{OMIM2|123400}}
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| | '''AGel'''
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| | [[gelsolin|GSN]]
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| | [[Finnish type amyloidosis]]
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| | {{OMIM2|105120}}
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| | '''ACys'''
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| | [[Cystatin C|CST3]]
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| | [[Cerebral amyloid angiopathy]], Icelandic-type
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| | {{OMIM2|105150}}
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| | '''AApoA1'''
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| | [[APOA1]]
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| | [[Familial visceral amyloidosis]]
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| | {{OMIM2|105200}}
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| | '''AFib'''
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| | [[Fibrinogen alpha chain|FGA]]
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| | [[Familial visceral amyloidosis]]
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| | {{OMIM2|105200}}
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| | '''ALys'''
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| | [[LYZ]]
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| | [[Familial visceral amyloidosis]]
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| | {{OMIM2|105200}}
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| | ?
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| | [[OSMR]]
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| | [[Primary cutaneous amyloidosis]]
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| | {{OMIM2|105250}}
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| | '''ABri'''<BR>'''ADan'''
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| | [[ITM2B]]
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| | [[Cerebral amyloid angiopathy]], British-type<BR>Danish-type
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| | {{OMIM2|176500}}<BR>{{OMIM2|117300}}
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| | '''APro'''
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| | [[prolactin]]
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| | [[Prolactinoma]]
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| | '''AKer'''
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| | [[keratoepithelin]]
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| | [[Familial corneal amyloidosis]]
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| | '''AANF'''
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| | [[atrial natriuretic factor]]
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| | [[Senile amyloid of atria of heart]]
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| | '''ACal'''
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| | [[calcitonin]]
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| | [[Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid]]
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| |}
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| == References == | | == References == |