Sandbox:Eiman: Difference between revisions
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{| | {| | ||
! | ! colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Etiology | ||
! colspan="10" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Clinical manifestations | ! colspan="10" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Clinical manifestations | ||
! colspan="11" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Paraclinical findings | ! colspan="11" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Paraclinical findings | ||
| Line 37: | Line 36: | ||
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other | ! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="23" style="background:# | ! rowspan="23" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Prerenal | ||
|[[Alcohol poisoning | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Alcohol poisoning]]<ref name="pmid15589492">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pletcher MJ, Maselli J, Gonzales R |title=Uncomplicated alcohol intoxication in the emergency department: an analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=117 |issue=11 |pages=863–7 |date=December 2004 |pmid=15589492 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.07.042 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2927129">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cherpitel CJ |title=Breath analysis and self-reports as measures of alcohol-related emergency room admissions |journal=J. Stud. Alcohol |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=155–61 |date=March 1989 |pmid=2927129 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12510444">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yost DA |title=Acute care for alcohol intoxication. Be prepared to consider clinical dilemmas |journal=Postgrad Med |volume=112 |issue=6 |pages=14–6, 21–2, 25–6 |date=December 2002 |pmid=12510444 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10452451">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boba A |title=Management of acute alcoholic intoxication |journal=Am J Emerg Med |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=431 |date=July 1999 |pmid=10452451 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |+ | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |- | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |+/- | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |- | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |+/- | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |+ | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |+/- | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |- | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |- | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |- | ||
|↑[[PT]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[PT]] | ||
|↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] (isopropyl [[alcohol]]) | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] (isopropyl [[alcohol]]) | ||
|↓[[Sodium|Na]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↓[[Sodium|Na]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|↓[[Bicarbonate|HCO3]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↓[[Bicarbonate|HCO3]] | ||
|[[Liver function tests|LFT]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Liver function tests|LFT]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |- | ||
|[[Thiamine]] must be given to prevent [[Wernicke's encephalopathy]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Thiamine]] must be given to prevent [[Wernicke's encephalopathy]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Aspergillosis|'''Aspergillosis''']]<ref name="pmid11880955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marr KA, Carter RA, Crippa F, Wald A, Corey L |title=Epidemiology and outcome of mould infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=34 |issue=7 |pages=909–17 |date=April 2002 |pmid=11880955 |doi=10.1086/339202 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16886149">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cornillet A, Camus C, Nimubona S, Gandemer V, Tattevin P, Belleguic C, Chevrier S, Meunier C, Lebert C, Aupée M, Caulet-Maugendre S, Faucheux M, Lelong B, Leray E, Guiguen C, Gangneux JP |title=Comparison of epidemiological, clinical, and biological features of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients: a 6-year survey |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=577–84 |date=September 2006 |pmid=16886149 |doi=10.1086/505870 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16129254">{{cite journal |vauthors=Horger M, Hebart H, Einsele H, Lengerke C, Claussen CD, Vonthein R, Pfannenberg C |title=Initial CT manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in 45 non-HIV immunocompromised patients: association with patient outcome? |journal=Eur J Radiol |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=437–44 |date=September 2005 |pmid=16129254 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.01.001 |url=}}</ref> | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Aspergillosis|'''Aspergillosis''']]<ref name="pmid11880955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marr KA, Carter RA, Crippa F, Wald A, Corey L |title=Epidemiology and outcome of mould infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=34 |issue=7 |pages=909–17 |date=April 2002 |pmid=11880955 |doi=10.1086/339202 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16886149">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cornillet A, Camus C, Nimubona S, Gandemer V, Tattevin P, Belleguic C, Chevrier S, Meunier C, Lebert C, Aupée M, Caulet-Maugendre S, Faucheux M, Lelong B, Leray E, Guiguen C, Gangneux JP |title=Comparison of epidemiological, clinical, and biological features of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients: a 6-year survey |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=577–84 |date=September 2006 |pmid=16886149 |doi=10.1086/505870 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16129254">{{cite journal |vauthors=Horger M, Hebart H, Einsele H, Lengerke C, Claussen CD, Vonthein R, Pfannenberg C |title=Initial CT manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in 45 non-HIV immunocompromised patients: association with patient outcome? |journal=Eur J Radiol |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=437–44 |date=September 2005 |pmid=16129254 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.01.001 |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|[[Allergy test]], ↑[[IgE]] (>1000 IU/dl), Direct visualization of [[Hyphae|fungal hyphae]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Allergy test]], ↑[[IgE]] (>1000 IU/dl), Direct visualization of [[Hyphae|fungal hyphae]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Pulmonary infiltrates, [[Mucus|Mucus plug]], Mass in the upper lobe surrounded by a crescent of air, Solitary or multiple cavities | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Pulmonary infiltrates, [[Mucus|Mucus plug]], Mass in the upper lobe surrounded by a crescent of air, Solitary or multiple cavities | ||
|Halo sign, Wedge-shaped pulmonary [[infarction]], [[Granuloma]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Halo sign, Wedge-shaped pulmonary [[infarction]], [[Granuloma]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |- | ||
|[[Polymerase chain reaction|Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Polymerase chain reaction|Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Cholera|'''Cholera''']]<ref name="pmid19842974">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weil AA, Khan AI, Chowdhury F, Larocque RC, Faruque AS, Ryan ET, Calderwood SB, Qadri F, Harris JB |title=Clinical outcomes in household contacts of patients with cholera in Bangladesh |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=49 |issue=10 |pages=1473–9 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19842974 |pmc=2783773 |doi=10.1086/644779 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4809112">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cash RA, Music SI, Libonati JP, Snyder MJ, Wenzel RP, Hornick RB |title=Response of man to infection with Vibrio cholerae. I. Clinical, serologic, and bacteriologic responses to a known inoculum |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=45–52 |date=January 1974 |pmid=4809112 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4809112">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cash RA, Music SI, Libonati JP, Snyder MJ, Wenzel RP, Hornick RB |title=Response of man to infection with Vibrio cholerae. I. Clinical, serologic, and bacteriologic responses to a known inoculum |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=45–52 |date=January 1974 |pmid=4809112 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21696312">{{cite journal |vauthors=Harris JB, Ivers LC, Ferraro MJ |title=Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 19-2011. A 4-year-old Haitian boy with vomiting and diarrhea |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=364 |issue=25 |pages=2452–61 |date=June 2011 |pmid=21696312 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcpc1100927 |url=}}</ref> | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Cholera|'''Cholera''']]<ref name="pmid19842974">{{cite journal |vauthors=Weil AA, Khan AI, Chowdhury F, Larocque RC, Faruque AS, Ryan ET, Calderwood SB, Qadri F, Harris JB |title=Clinical outcomes in household contacts of patients with cholera in Bangladesh |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=49 |issue=10 |pages=1473–9 |date=November 2009 |pmid=19842974 |pmc=2783773 |doi=10.1086/644779 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4809112">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cash RA, Music SI, Libonati JP, Snyder MJ, Wenzel RP, Hornick RB |title=Response of man to infection with Vibrio cholerae. I. Clinical, serologic, and bacteriologic responses to a known inoculum |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=45–52 |date=January 1974 |pmid=4809112 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4809112">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cash RA, Music SI, Libonati JP, Snyder MJ, Wenzel RP, Hornick RB |title=Response of man to infection with Vibrio cholerae. I. Clinical, serologic, and bacteriologic responses to a known inoculum |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=129 |issue=1 |pages=45–52 |date=January 1974 |pmid=4809112 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21696312">{{cite journal |vauthors=Harris JB, Ivers LC, Ferraro MJ |title=Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 19-2011. A 4-year-old Haitian boy with vomiting and diarrhea |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=364 |issue=25 |pages=2452–61 |date=June 2011 |pmid=21696312 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcpc1100927 |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|[[Leukocytosis]], ↑[[Hematocrit|HCT]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Leukocytosis]], ↑[[Hematocrit|HCT]] | ||
|↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | ||
|↓[[Sodium|Na]], ↑[[Ca]], ↑[[Mg]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↓[[Sodium|Na]], ↑[[Ca]], ↑[[Mg]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|↑[[Lactate]], ↓[[Bicarbonate|HCO3]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Lactate]], ↓[[Bicarbonate|HCO3]] | ||
|Stool PCR, Stool culture, Serotyping | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Stool PCR, Stool culture, Serotyping | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Congestive heart failure]] (CHF)<ref name="pmid17724259">{{cite journal |vauthors=Solomon SD, Dobson J, Pocock S, Skali H, McMurray JJ, Granger CB, Yusuf S, Swedberg K, Young JB, Michelson EL, Pfeffer MA |title=Influence of nonfatal hospitalization for heart failure on subsequent mortality in patients with chronic heart failure |journal=Circulation |volume=116 |issue=13 |pages=1482–7 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17724259 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.696906 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15687312">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fonarow GC, Adams KF, Abraham WT, Yancy CW, Boscardin WJ |title=Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: classification and regression tree analysis |journal=JAMA |volume=293 |issue=5 |pages=572–80 |date=February 2005 |pmid=15687312 |doi=10.1001/jama.293.5.572 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12798577">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kittleson M, Hurwitz S, Shah MR, Nohria A, Lewis E, Givertz M, Fang J, Jarcho J, Mudge G, Stevenson LW |title=Development of circulatory-renal limitations to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors identifies patients with severe heart failure and early mortality |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=2029–35 |date=June 2003 |pmid=12798577 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17602982">{{cite journal |vauthors=Filippatos G, Rossi J, Lloyd-Jones DM, Stough WG, Ouyang J, Shin DD, O'connor C, Adams KF, Orlandi C, Gheorghiade M |title=Prognostic value of blood urea nitrogen in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure: insights from the Acute and Chronic Therapeutic Impact of a Vasopressin Antagonist in Chronic Heart Failure (ACTIV in CHF) study |journal=J. Card. Fail. |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=360–4 |date=June 2007 |pmid=17602982 |doi=10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.02.005 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22554602">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zamora E, Lupón J, Vila J, Urrutia A, de Antonio M, Sanz H, Grau M, Ara J, Bayés-Genís A |title=Estimated glomerular filtration rate and prognosis in heart failure: value of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study-4, chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration, and cockroft-gault formulas |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=59 |issue=19 |pages=1709–15 |date=May 2012 |pmid=22554602 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.066 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22441773">{{cite journal |vauthors=McAlister FA, Ezekowitz J, Tarantini L, Squire I, Komajda M, Bayes-Genis A, Gotsman I, Whalley G, Earle N, Poppe KK, Doughty RN |title=Renal dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: impact of the new Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration Group formula |journal=Circ Heart Fail |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=309–14 |date=May 2012 |pmid=22441773 |doi=10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.966242 |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>+</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
| + | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | + | ||
|[[Anemia]], [[Leukocytosis]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Anemia]], [[Leukocytosis]] | ||
|↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | ||
|↓[[Sodium|Na]], ↑[[Potassium|K]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↓[[Sodium|Na]], ↑[[Potassium|K]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|↑[[Lactate]], ↓[[Bicarbonate|HCO3]], | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Lactate]], ↓[[Bicarbonate|HCO3]], | ||
|↑[[BNP]], ↑[[Troponin]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[BNP]], ↑[[Troponin]] | ||
|[[Cardiomegaly]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pleural effusions]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Cardiomegaly]], [[Pulmonary hypertension]], [[Pleural effusions]] | ||
|[[Pulmonary edema]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Pulmonary edema]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|[[Valvular heart disease]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Valvular heart disease]] | ||
|Decreased [[ejection fraction]] in [[echocardiography]], Heart function and damage in nuclear imaging | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Decreased [[ejection fraction]] in [[echocardiography]], Heart function and damage in nuclear imaging | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Dehydration | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Dehydration]]<ref name="pmid15187057">{{cite journal |vauthors=Steiner MJ, DeWalt DA, Byerley JS |title=Is this child dehydrated? |journal=JAMA |volume=291 |issue=22 |pages=2746–54 |date=June 2004 |pmid=15187057 |doi=10.1001/jama.291.22.2746 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9220501">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vega RM, Avner JR |title=A prospective study of the usefulness of clinical and laboratory parameters for predicting percentage of dehydration in children |journal=Pediatr Emerg Care |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=179–82 |date=June 1997 |pmid=9220501 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid5928490">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dossetor JB |title=Creatininemia versus uremia. The relative significance of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations in azotemia |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=1287–99 |date=December 1966 |pmid=5928490 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2198971">{{cite journal |vauthors=Baskett PJ |title=ABC of major trauma. Management of hypovolaemic shock |journal=BMJ |volume=300 |issue=6737 |pages=1453–7 |date=June 1990 |pmid=2198971 |pmc=1663124 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>+</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | ||
|↓[[Sodium|Na]], ↑[[Potassium|K]], ↓[[Chloride|Cl]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↓[[Sodium|Na]], ↑[[Potassium|K]], ↓[[Chloride|Cl]] | ||
|[[Ketone]]s and [[glucose]], ↑Urine specific gravity | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Ketone]]s and [[glucose]], ↑Urine specific gravity | ||
|↑[[Lactate]], ↓[[Bicarbonate|HCO3]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Lactate]], ↓[[Bicarbonate|HCO3]] | ||
|[[Hypoglycemia]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hypoglycemia]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Diarrhea]] and/or [[vomiting]]<ref name="pmid2178747">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carpenter DO |title=Neural mechanisms of emesis |journal=Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=230–6 |date=February 1990 |pmid=2178747 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22454468">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bresee JS, Marcus R, Venezia RA, Keene WE, Morse D, Thanassi M, Brunett P, Bulens S, Beard RS, Dauphin LA, Slutsker L, Bopp C, Eberhard M, Hall A, Vinje J, Monroe SS, Glass RI |title=The etiology of severe acute gastroenteritis among adults visiting emergency departments in the United States |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=205 |issue=9 |pages=1374–81 |date=May 2012 |pmid=22454468 |doi=10.1093/infdis/jis206 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21801613">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hall AJ, Rosenthal M, Gregoricus N, Greene SA, Ferguson J, Henao OL, Vinjé J, Lopman BA, Parashar UD, Widdowson MA |title=Incidence of acute gastroenteritis and role of norovirus, Georgia, USA, 2004-2005 |journal=Emerging Infect. Dis. |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=1381–8 |date=August 2011 |pmid=21801613 |pmc=3381564 |doi=10.3201/eid1708.101533 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29053792">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, Tarr PI, Steiner TS, Kotloff K, Langley JM, Wanke C, Warren CA, Cheng AC, Cantey J, Pickering LK |title=2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=65 |issue=12 |pages=e45–e80 |date=November 2017 |pmid=29053792 |doi=10.1093/cid/cix669 |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|[[Leukocytosis]] with predominant [[neutrophilia]], ↑ [[ESR]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Leukocytosis]] with predominant [[neutrophilia]], ↑ [[ESR]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|[[Ketones]], Organic acids, [[Porphobilinogen]], [[Aminolevulinic acid]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Ketones]], Organic acids, [[Porphobilinogen]], [[Aminolevulinic acid]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Stool [[anion gap]], Stool pH < 5.5, Stool culture, Serotyping, Enzyme immunoassay ([[rotavirus]] or [[adenovirus]]), [[Liver function tests|LFT]], [[Amylase]], [[Lipase]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Stool [[anion gap]], Stool pH < 5.5, Stool culture, Serotyping, Enzyme immunoassay ([[rotavirus]] or [[adenovirus]]), [[Liver function tests|LFT]], [[Amylase]], [[Lipase]] | ||
|Normal | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Normal | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Drugs]]/[[Toxin|toxins]]<ref name="pmid1883120">{{cite journal |vauthors=Toto RD, Mitchell HC, Lee HC, Milam C, Pettinger WA |title=Reversible renal insufficiency due to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertensive nephrosclerosis |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=115 |issue=7 |pages=513–9 |date=October 1991 |pmid=1883120 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid4715199">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bismuth C, Gaultier M, Conso F, Efthymiou ML |title=Hyperkalemia in acute digitalis poisoning: prognostic significance and therapeutic implications |journal=Clin. Toxicol. |volume=6 |issue=2 |pages=153–62 |date=1973 |pmid=4715199 |doi=10.3109/15563657308990513 |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]], ↑[[Creatine kinase|CK]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]], ↑[[Creatine kinase|CK]] | ||
|↑[[Potassium|K]], ↓[[Magnesium|Mg]], ↓[[Ca]], ↓[[Phosphate| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Potassium|K]], ↓[[Magnesium|Mg]], ↓[[Ca]], ↓[[Phosphate|P]] | ||
|Ingested drug, [[Glucose]], [[Aminoacid]], [[Phosphate]], [[Ketone]], [[Hyaline cast]], [[RBC]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Ingested drug, [[Glucose]], [[Aminoacid]], [[Phosphate]], [[Ketone]], [[Hyaline cast]], [[RBC]] | ||
|↑[[Lactate]], [[Metabolic acidosis]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Lactate]], [[Metabolic acidosis]] | ||
|[[Toxicology]], Rapid [[immunoassay]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Toxicology]], Rapid [[immunoassay]] | ||
|[[Nephropathy]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Nephropathy]] | ||
|Radioopaque substances, Ingested drug packets | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Radioopaque substances, Ingested drug packets | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Esophageal varices|'''Esophageal varices bleeding''']]<ref name="pmid6970703">{{cite journal |vauthors=Graham DY, Smith JL |title=The course of patients after variceal hemorrhage |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=80 |issue=4 |pages=800–9 |date=April 1981 |pmid=6970703 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20638742">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Franchis R |title=Revising consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=762–8 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20638742 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.004 |url=}}</ref> | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Esophageal varices|'''Esophageal varices bleeding''']]<ref name="pmid6970703">{{cite journal |vauthors=Graham DY, Smith JL |title=The course of patients after variceal hemorrhage |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=80 |issue=4 |pages=800–9 |date=April 1981 |pmid=6970703 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid20638742">{{cite journal |vauthors=de Franchis R |title=Revising consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=53 |issue=4 |pages=762–8 |date=October 2010 |pmid=20638742 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.004 |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]] | ||
|↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Velocity and direction of [[portal]] flow | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Velocity and direction of [[portal]] flow | ||
|Abnormal opacities outside of[[esophageal]] wall, Posterior [[mediastinal]] or intraparenchymal mass, Dilated [[azygous vein]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Abnormal opacities outside of[[esophageal]] wall, Posterior [[mediastinal]] or intraparenchymal mass, Dilated [[azygous vein]] | ||
|Entire portal venous system | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Entire portal venous system | ||
|Portrays [[esophageal varices]] as flow voids | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Portrays [[esophageal varices]] as flow voids | ||
|Portal hypertension and [[esophageal varices]] in [[positron emission tomography]], Flexible [[endoscope]], [[Barium swallow]] of snake-like filling defects | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Portal hypertension and [[esophageal varices]] in [[positron emission tomography]], Flexible [[endoscope]], [[Barium swallow]] of snake-like filling defects | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
| | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Heart disease]]<ref name="pmid2030718">{{cite journal |vauthors=LaCroix AZ, Lang J, Scherr P, Wallace RB, Cornoni-Huntley J, Berkman L, Curb JD, Evans D, Hennekens CH |title=Smoking and mortality among older men and women in three communities |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=324 |issue=23 |pages=1619–25 |date=June 1991 |pmid=2030718 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199106063242303 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19581259">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahle WT, Newburger JW, Matherne GP, Smith FC, Hoke TR, Koppel R, Gidding SS, Beekman RH, Grosse SD |title=Role of pulse oximetry in examining newborns for congenital heart disease: a scientific statement from the AHA and AAP |journal=Pediatrics |volume=124 |issue=2 |pages=823–36 |date=August 2009 |pmid=19581259 |doi=10.1542/peds.2009-1397 |url=}}</ref> | ||
-Congenital | -Congenital | ||
-Acquired | -Acquired | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[ESR]] and [[CRP]] | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | |||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | |||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Throat culture]], Rapid streptococcal antigen test, Hyperoxia test, [[Pulse oximetry]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|[[Throat culture]], Rapid streptococcal antigen test, Hyperoxia test, [[Pulse oximetry]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Cardiomegaly]], [[Dextrocardia]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|[[Cardiomegaly]], [[Dextrocardia]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Ventricular dysfunction]], Left and right ventricular [[hypertrophy]], Valvular disease in [[echocardiography]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
|[[Ventricular dysfunction]], Left and right ventricular [[hypertrophy]], Valvular disease in [[echocardiography]] | |||
| - | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Hemorrhage | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hemorrhage]]<ref name="pmid21098468">{{cite journal |vauthors=Achneck HE, Sileshi B, Parikh A, Milano CA, Welsby IJ, Lawson JH |title=Pathophysiology of bleeding and clotting in the cardiac surgery patient: from vascular endothelium to circulatory assist device surface |journal=Circulation |volume=122 |issue=20 |pages=2068–77 |date=November 2010 |pmid=21098468 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.936773 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3487361">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gralnick HR, Rick ME, McKeown LP, Williams SB, Parker RI, Maisonneuve P, Jenneau C, Sultan Y |title=Platelet von Willebrand factor: an important determinant of the bleeding time in type I von Willebrand's disease |journal=Blood |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=58–61 |date=July 1986 |pmid=3487361 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3706933">{{cite journal |vauthors=Suchman AL, Griner PF |title=Diagnostic uses of the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=104 |issue=6 |pages=810–6 |date=June 1986 |pmid=3706933 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3541576">{{cite journal |vauthors=Greenberg CS, Devine DV, McCrae KM |title=Measurement of plasma fibrin D-dimer levels with the use of a monoclonal antibody coupled to latex beads |journal=Am. J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=94–100 |date=January 1987 |pmid=3541576 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]], ↑[[PT]], ↑[[PTT]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Normocytic normochromic anemia]], ↑[[PT]], ↑[[PTT]] | ||
|↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | ||
|↑[[Sodium|Na]], ↑[[Chloride|Cl]], ↓[[Ca]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Sodium|Na]], ↑[[Chloride|Cl]], ↓[[Ca]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|[[Metabolic acidosis]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Metabolic acidosis]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Peritoneal cavity fluid in [[FAST]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Peritoneal cavity fluid in [[FAST]] | ||
|Bilateral opacities in the lung field, [[Hemothorax]], Hemoperitoneum, Ruptured [[abdominal aortic aneurysm]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Bilateral opacities in the lung field, [[Hemothorax]], Hemoperitoneum, Ruptured [[abdominal aortic aneurysm]] | ||
|Intrathoracic, intra-abdominal, and retroperitoneal [[bleeding]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Intrathoracic, intra-abdominal, and retroperitoneal [[bleeding]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Source of [[bleeding]] in the upper GI in [[Esophagogastroduodenoscopy|EGD]], [[Angiography]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Source of [[bleeding]] in the upper GI in [[Esophagogastroduodenoscopy|EGD]], [[Angiography]] | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Hemolysis | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hemolysis]]<ref name="pmid3814817">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liesveld JL, Rowe JM, Lichtman MA |title=Variability of the erythropoietic response in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: analysis of 109 cases |journal=Blood |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=820–6 |date=March 1987 |pmid=3814817 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7365971">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marchand A, Galen RS, Van Lente F |title=The predictive value of serum haptoglobin in hemolytic disease |journal=JAMA |volume=243 |issue=19 |pages=1909–11 |date=May 1980 |pmid=7365971 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2436855">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stahl WM |title=Acute phase protein response to tissue injury |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=545–50 |date=June 1987 |pmid=2436855 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7411826">{{cite journal |vauthors=Conley CL, Lippman SM, Ness P |title=Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia. A medical emergency |journal=JAMA |volume=244 |issue=15 |pages=1688–90 |date=October 1980 |pmid=7411826 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|[[Thrombocytopenia|Thrombocytopenia,]] [[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic hypochromic anemia]], ↑RDW, ↑[[Reticulocyte|Retic]] count | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Thrombocytopenia|Thrombocytopenia,]] [[Microcytic anemia|Microcytic hypochromic anemia]], ↑RDW, ↑[[Reticulocyte|Retic]] count | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|↑[[LDH]], ↓[[Haptoglobin]], ↑Unconjugated [[bilirubin]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[LDH]], ↓[[Haptoglobin]], ↑Unconjugated [[bilirubin]] | ||
|[[Hepatomegaly]],[[Splenomegaly]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hepatomegaly]],[[Splenomegaly]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |- | ||
| - | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Hepatorenal syndrome | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hepatorenal syndrome]]<ref name="pmid19776409">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ginès P, Schrier RW |title=Renal failure in cirrhosis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=361 |issue=13 |pages=1279–90 |date=September 2009 |pmid=19776409 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra0809139 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8550036">{{cite journal |vauthors=Arroyo V, Ginès P, Gerbes AL, Dudley FJ, Gentilini P, Laffi G, Reynolds TB, Ring-Larsen H, Schölmerich J |title=Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club |journal=Hepatology |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=164–76 |date=January 1996 |pmid=8550036 |doi=10.1002/hep.510230122 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17389705">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salerno F, Gerbes A, Ginès P, Wong F, Arroyo V |title=Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis |journal=Gut |volume=56 |issue=9 |pages=1310–8 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17389705 |pmc=1954971 |doi=10.1136/gut.2006.107789 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25638527">{{cite journal |vauthors=Angeli P, Ginès P, Wong F, Bernardi M, Boyer TD, Gerbes A, Moreau R, Jalan R, Sarin SK, Piano S, Moore K, Lee SS, Durand F, Salerno F, Caraceni P, Kim WR, Arroyo V, Garcia-Tsao G |title=Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=62 |issue=4 |pages=968–74 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25638527 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.029 |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|[[Leukocytosis]], ↑[[PT]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Leukocytosis]], ↑[[PT]] | ||
|↓[[Glomerular filtration rate|GFR]], ↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↓[[Glomerular filtration rate|GFR]], ↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | ||
|↓[[Sodium|Na]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↓[[Sodium|Na]] | ||
|[[Proteinuria]], [[Sodium|Na]] < 10 mEq/L, [[Urine osmolality]] > [[plasma osmolality]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Proteinuria]], [[Sodium|Na]] < 10 mEq/L, [[Urine osmolality]] > [[plasma osmolality]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|[[Alpha fetoprotein|Alpha feto-protein]], [[Cryoglobulinemia]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Alpha fetoprotein|Alpha feto-protein]], [[Cryoglobulinemia]] | ||
|Exclude [[hydronephrosis]] and intrinsic renal disease | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Exclude [[hydronephrosis]] and intrinsic renal disease | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Right ventricular preload, ventricular filling pressures, and cardiac function in [[echocardiography]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Right ventricular preload, ventricular filling pressures, and cardiac function in [[echocardiography]] | ||
| - | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Cardiomyopathy| | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Cardiomyopathy|Ischemic cardiomyopathy]]<ref name="pmid16567565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, Antzelevitch C, Corrado D, Arnett D, Moss AJ, Seidman CE, Young JB |title=Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention |journal=Circulation |volume=113 |issue=14 |pages=1807–16 |date=April 2006 |pmid=16567565 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15689345">{{cite journal |vauthors=Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Bjørnstad HH, Vanhees L, Biffi A, Borjesson M, Panhuyzen-Goedkoop N, Deligiannis A, Solberg E, Dugmore D, Mellwig KP, Assanelli D, Delise P, van-Buuren F, Anastasakis A, Heidbuchel H, Hoffmann E, Fagard R, Priori SG, Basso C, Arbustini E, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, McKenna WJ, Thiene G |title=Cardiovascular pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death: proposal for a common European protocol. Consensus Statement of the Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology |journal=Eur. Heart J. |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=516–24 |date=March 2005 |pmid=15689345 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehi108 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17916581">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, Bilinska Z, Cecchi F, Charron P, Dubourg O, Kühl U, Maisch B, McKenna WJ, Monserrat L, Pankuweit S, Rapezzi C, Seferovic P, Tavazzi L, Keren A |title=Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases |journal=Eur. Heart J. |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=270–6 |date=January 2008 |pmid=17916581 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehm342 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17468391">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thompson PD, Franklin BA, Balady GJ, Blair SN, Corrado D, Estes NA, Fulton JE, Gordon NF, Haskell WL, Link MS, Maron BJ, Mittleman MA, Pelliccia A, Wenger NK, Willich SN, Costa F |title=Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the Council on Clinical Cardiology |journal=Circulation |volume=115 |issue=17 |pages=2358–68 |date=May 2007 |pmid=17468391 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.181485 |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|[[Anemia]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Anemia]] | ||
|↑[[Cr]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Cr]] | ||
|↓[[Sodium|Na]], ↓[[Potassium|K]], ↓[[Magnesium|Mg]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↓[[Sodium|Na]], ↓[[Potassium|K]], ↓[[Magnesium|Mg]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|[[Troponin]], [[Creatine kinase]], [[Creatine kinase]] - MB, [[Brain natriuretic peptide|BNP]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Troponin]], [[Creatine kinase]], [[Creatine kinase]] - MB, [[Brain natriuretic peptide|BNP]] | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Abnormal cardiac silhouette | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Abnormal cardiac silhouette | ||
|Biventricular volume, Wall motion abnormality, Myocardial perfusion, [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Biventricular volume, Wall motion abnormality, Myocardial perfusion, [[Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy]] | ||
|Mid-wall [[fibrosis]] in [[MRI]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Mid-wall [[fibrosis]] in [[MRI]] | ||
|Ejection fraction ≤35%, Pulmonary embolism, Right ventricular dilation or [[pericardial effusion]] with tamponade in echocardiography | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Ejection fraction ≤35%, Pulmonary embolism, Right ventricular dilation or [[pericardial effusion]] with tamponade in echocardiography | ||
| - | | - | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[ Liver cirrhosis | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Liver cirrhosis]]<ref name="pmid24076364">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ge PS, Runyon BA |title=The changing role of beta-blocker therapy in patients with cirrhosis |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=643–53 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24076364 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.016 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3533689">{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker CD, Scheidegger J, Marincek B |title=Hepatic vein occlusion: morphologic features on computed tomography and ultrasonography |journal=Gastrointest Radiol |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=305–11 |date=1986 |pmid=3533689 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3532188">{{cite journal |vauthors=Giorgio A, Amoroso P, Lettieri G, Fico P, de Stefano G, Finelli L, Scala V, Tarantino L, Pierri P, Pesce G |title=Cirrhosis: value of caudate to right lobe ratio in diagnosis with US |journal=Radiology |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=443–5 |date=November 1986 |pmid=3532188 |doi=10.1148/radiology.161.2.3532188 |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|Not applicable | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
|[[Liver function tests|LFT]], [[Aspartate aminotransferase]] to [[platelet]] ratio, FibroTest/FibroSure, Hepascore, FibroSpectatio | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Liver function tests|LFT]], [[Aspartate aminotransferase]] to [[platelet]] ratio, FibroTest/FibroSure, Hepascore, FibroSpectatio | ||
|Portal blood flow velocity, [[Hepatic artery]] enlargement, Multifocal lesions or masses, Hepatic contour, [[Ascites]], [[Splenomegaly]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Portal blood flow velocity, [[Hepatic artery]] enlargement, Multifocal lesions or masses, Hepatic contour, [[Ascites]], [[Splenomegaly]] | ||
|[[Bowel perforation]], [[Gynecomastia]], [[Azygos vein]] enlargement, [[Pleural effusion]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Bowel perforation]], [[Gynecomastia]], [[Azygos vein]] enlargement, [[Pleural effusion]] | ||
|Morphologic changes in the liver, Collaterals and shunts, Hyperattenuating nodule of [[hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[Portal vein thrombosis]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Morphologic changes in the liver, Collaterals and shunts, Hyperattenuating nodule of [[hepatocellular carcinoma]], [[Portal vein thrombosis]] | ||
|Vacular patency, Tumor invasion, [[Portal vein thrombosis]], [[Steatosis]] | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Vacular patency, Tumor invasion, [[Portal vein thrombosis]], [[Steatosis]] | ||
|[[Hepatic]] function and [[portal hypertension]] in nuclear imaging, [[Hepatic]] perfusion and the development of [[shunt]]s and [[tumor]]s in angiography | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hepatic]] function and [[portal hypertension]] in nuclear imaging, [[Hepatic]] perfusion and the development of [[shunt]]s and [[tumor]]s in angiography | ||
|Irreversible and a transplant is usually needed | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Irreversible and a transplant is usually needed | ||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Malignant hypertension | ! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Malignant hypertension]]<ref name="pmid23102030">{{cite journal |vauthors=Johnson W, Nguyen ML, Patel R |title=Hypertension crisis in the emergency department |journal=Cardiol Clin |volume=30 |issue=4 |pages=533–43 |date=November 2012 |pmid=23102030 |doi=10.1016/j.ccl.2012.07.011 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16627047">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elliott WJ |title=Clinical features in the management of selected hypertensive emergencies |journal=Prog Cardiovasc Dis |volume=48 |issue=5 |pages=316–25 |date=2006 |pmid=16627047 |doi=10.1016/j.pcad.2006.02.004 |url=}}</ref> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki> | ||
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki> | ||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia]] | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] | |||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Sodium|Na]], ↑[[Potassium|K]], ↑[[Phosphate|P]] | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Proteinuria]], [[Microscopic hematuria]] | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Acidosis]] | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Cardiac enzymes]], Urinary [[catecholamines]], [[TSH]], ↑[[Renin]] | |||
| | | style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | ||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Cardiomegaly, [[Pulmonary edema]], Rib notching, [[Aortic coarctation]], Mediastinal widening, [[Aortic dissection]] | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | |||
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable | |||
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Revision as of 16:01, 11 May 2018
| Etiology | Clinical manifestations | Paraclinical findings | Comments | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Symptoms and signs | Lab findings | Imaging | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Fatigue/
Lethargy |
Thirst | Dizziness/
Confusion |
Muscle weakness/
cramp |
Somatic/
visceral pain |
Vomiting | Diarrhea | Tachypnea | Hematuria/
Proteinuria |
Edema | Blood indices | Renal Funtion test | Electrolytes | Urine analysis | ABG | Other | Ultrasound | X-ray | CT | MRI | Other | |||
| Prerenal | Alcohol poisoning[1][2][3][4] | + | - | +/- | - | +/- | + | +/- | - | - | - | ↑PT | ↑BUN, ↑Cr (isopropyl alcohol) | ↓Na | Not applicable | ↓HCO3 | LFT | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | - | Thiamine must be given to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy |
| Aspergillosis[5][6][7] | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | +/- | - | - | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Allergy test, ↑IgE (>1000 IU/dl), Direct visualization of fungal hyphae | Not applicable | Pulmonary infiltrates, Mucus plug, Mass in the upper lobe surrounded by a crescent of air, Solitary or multiple cavities | Halo sign, Wedge-shaped pulmonary infarction, Granuloma | Not applicable | - | Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | |
| Cholera[8][9][9][10] | +/- | + | - | - | - | +/- | + | - | - | - | Leukocytosis, ↑HCT | ↑BUN, ↑Cr | ↓Na, ↑Ca, ↑Mg | Not applicable | ↑Lactate, ↓HCO3 | Stool PCR, Stool culture, Serotyping | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | - | - | |
| Congestive heart failure (CHF)[11][12][13][14][15][16] | + | - | - | - | - | - | + | - | - | + | Anemia, Leukocytosis | ↑BUN, ↑Cr | ↓Na, ↑K | Not applicable | ↑Lactate, ↓HCO3, | ↑BNP, ↑Troponin | Cardiomegaly, Pulmonary hypertension, Pleural effusions | Pulmonary edema | Not applicable | Valvular heart disease | Decreased ejection fraction in echocardiography, Heart function and damage in nuclear imaging | - | |
| Dehydration[17][18][19][20] | + | + | - | +/- | - | +/- | +/- | - | - | - | Not applicable | ↑BUN, ↑Cr | ↓Na, ↑K, ↓Cl | Ketones and glucose, ↑Urine specific gravity | ↑Lactate, ↓HCO3 | Hypoglycemia | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | - | - | |
| Diarrhea and/or vomiting[21][22][23][24] | +/- | +/- | - | - | - | + | + | - | - | - | Leukocytosis with predominant neutrophilia, ↑ ESR | Not applicable | Not applicable | Ketones, Organic acids, Porphobilinogen, Aminolevulinic acid | Not applicable | Stool anion gap, Stool pH < 5.5, Stool culture, Serotyping, Enzyme immunoassay (rotavirus or adenovirus), LFT, Amylase, Lipase | Normal | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | - | - | |
| Drugs/toxins[25][26] | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | +/- | Not applicable | ↑BUN, ↑Cr, ↑CK | ↑K, ↓Mg, ↓Ca, ↓P | Ingested drug, Glucose, Aminoacid, Phosphate, Ketone, Hyaline cast, RBC | ↑Lactate, Metabolic acidosis | Toxicology, Rapid immunoassay | Nephropathy | Radioopaque substances, Ingested drug packets | Not applicable | Not applicable | - | - | |
| Esophageal varices bleeding[27][28] | +/- | - | - | - | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | Normocytic normochromic anemia | ↑BUN, ↑Cr | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Velocity and direction of portal flow | Abnormal opacities outside ofesophageal wall, Posterior mediastinal or intraparenchymal mass, Dilated azygous vein | Entire portal venous system | Portrays esophageal varices as flow voids | Portal hypertension and esophageal varices in positron emission tomography, Flexible endoscope, Barium swallow of snake-like filling defects | - | |
| Heart disease[29][30]
-Congenital -Acquired |
+/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | +/- | - | +/- | ↑ESR and CRP | ↑BUN, ↑Cr | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Throat culture, Rapid streptococcal antigen test, Hyperoxia test, Pulse oximetry | Not applicable | Cardiomegaly, Dextrocardia | Not applicable | Not applicable | Ventricular dysfunction, Left and right ventricular hypertrophy, Valvular disease in echocardiography | - | |
| Hemorrhage[31][32][33][34] | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | Normocytic normochromic anemia, ↑PT, ↑PTT | ↑BUN, ↑Cr | ↑Na, ↑Cl, ↓Ca | Not applicable | Metabolic acidosis | Not applicable | Peritoneal cavity fluid in FAST | Bilateral opacities in the lung field, Hemothorax, Hemoperitoneum, Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm | Intrathoracic, intra-abdominal, and retroperitoneal bleeding | Not applicable | Source of bleeding in the upper GI in EGD, Angiography | - | |
| Hemolysis[35][36][37][38] | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | +/- | - | Thrombocytopenia, Microcytic hypochromic anemia, ↑RDW, ↑Retic count | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | ↑LDH, ↓Haptoglobin, ↑Unconjugated bilirubin | Hepatomegaly,Splenomegaly | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | - | - | |
| Hepatorenal syndrome[39][40][41][42] | +/- | - | - | - | +/- | +/- | - | - | +/- | +/- | Leukocytosis, ↑PT | ↓GFR, ↑BUN, ↑Cr | ↓Na | Proteinuria, Na < 10 mEq/L, Urine osmolality > plasma osmolality | Not applicable | Alpha feto-protein, Cryoglobulinemia | Exclude hydronephrosis and intrinsic renal disease | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Right ventricular preload, ventricular filling pressures, and cardiac function in echocardiography | - | |
| Ischemic cardiomyopathy[43][44][45][46] | +/- | - | - | - | - | - | - | +/- | - | +/- | Anemia | ↑Cr | ↓Na, ↓K, ↓Mg | Not applicable | Not applicable | Troponin, Creatine kinase, Creatine kinase - MB, BNP | Not applicable | Abnormal cardiac silhouette | Biventricular volume, Wall motion abnormality, Myocardial perfusion, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy | Mid-wall fibrosis in MRI | Ejection fraction ≤35%, Pulmonary embolism, Right ventricular dilation or pericardial effusion with tamponade in echocardiography | - | |
| Liver cirrhosis[47][48][49] | +/- | - | +/- | +/- | +/- | - | - | - | - | +/- | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | Not applicable | LFT, Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio, FibroTest/FibroSure, Hepascore, FibroSpectatio | Portal blood flow velocity, Hepatic artery enlargement, Multifocal lesions or masses, Hepatic contour, Ascites, Splenomegaly | Bowel perforation, Gynecomastia, Azygos vein enlargement, Pleural effusion | Morphologic changes in the liver, Collaterals and shunts, Hyperattenuating nodule of hepatocellular carcinoma, Portal vein thrombosis | Vacular patency, Tumor invasion, Portal vein thrombosis, Steatosis | Hepatic function and portal hypertension in nuclear imaging, Hepatic perfusion and the development of shunts and tumors in angiography | Irreversible and a transplant is usually needed | |
| Malignant hypertension[50][51] | +/- | - | + | - | - | +/- | - | +/- | - | +/- | Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia | ↑BUN, ↑Cr | ↑Na, ↑K, ↑P | Proteinuria, Microscopic hematuria | Acidosis | Cardiac enzymes, Urinary catecholamines, TSH, ↑Renin | Not applicable | Cardiomegaly, Pulmonary edema, Rib notching, Aortic coarctation, Mediastinal widening, Aortic dissection | Not applicable | Not applicable | Left atrial enlargement and left ventricular hypertrophy in echocardiography | - | |
- ↑ Pletcher MJ, Maselli J, Gonzales R (December 2004). "Uncomplicated alcohol intoxication in the emergency department: an analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey". Am. J. Med. 117 (11): 863–7. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.07.042. PMID 15589492.
- ↑ Cherpitel CJ (March 1989). "Breath analysis and self-reports as measures of alcohol-related emergency room admissions". J. Stud. Alcohol. 50 (2): 155–61. PMID 2927129.
- ↑ Yost DA (December 2002). "Acute care for alcohol intoxication. Be prepared to consider clinical dilemmas". Postgrad Med. 112 (6): 14–6, 21–2, 25–6. PMID 12510444.
- ↑ Boba A (July 1999). "Management of acute alcoholic intoxication". Am J Emerg Med. 17 (4): 431. PMID 10452451.
- ↑ Marr KA, Carter RA, Crippa F, Wald A, Corey L (April 2002). "Epidemiology and outcome of mould infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients". Clin. Infect. Dis. 34 (7): 909–17. doi:10.1086/339202. PMID 11880955.
- ↑ Cornillet A, Camus C, Nimubona S, Gandemer V, Tattevin P, Belleguic C, Chevrier S, Meunier C, Lebert C, Aupée M, Caulet-Maugendre S, Faucheux M, Lelong B, Leray E, Guiguen C, Gangneux JP (September 2006). "Comparison of epidemiological, clinical, and biological features of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients: a 6-year survey". Clin. Infect. Dis. 43 (5): 577–84. doi:10.1086/505870. PMID 16886149.
- ↑ Horger M, Hebart H, Einsele H, Lengerke C, Claussen CD, Vonthein R, Pfannenberg C (September 2005). "Initial CT manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in 45 non-HIV immunocompromised patients: association with patient outcome?". Eur J Radiol. 55 (3): 437–44. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.01.001. PMID 16129254.
- ↑ Weil AA, Khan AI, Chowdhury F, Larocque RC, Faruque AS, Ryan ET, Calderwood SB, Qadri F, Harris JB (November 2009). "Clinical outcomes in household contacts of patients with cholera in Bangladesh". Clin. Infect. Dis. 49 (10): 1473–9. doi:10.1086/644779. PMC 2783773. PMID 19842974.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Cash RA, Music SI, Libonati JP, Snyder MJ, Wenzel RP, Hornick RB (January 1974). "Response of man to infection with Vibrio cholerae. I. Clinical, serologic, and bacteriologic responses to a known inoculum". J. Infect. Dis. 129 (1): 45–52. PMID 4809112.
- ↑ Harris JB, Ivers LC, Ferraro MJ (June 2011). "Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 19-2011. A 4-year-old Haitian boy with vomiting and diarrhea". N. Engl. J. Med. 364 (25): 2452–61. doi:10.1056/NEJMcpc1100927. PMID 21696312.
- ↑ Solomon SD, Dobson J, Pocock S, Skali H, McMurray JJ, Granger CB, Yusuf S, Swedberg K, Young JB, Michelson EL, Pfeffer MA (September 2007). "Influence of nonfatal hospitalization for heart failure on subsequent mortality in patients with chronic heart failure". Circulation. 116 (13): 1482–7. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.696906. PMID 17724259.
- ↑ Fonarow GC, Adams KF, Abraham WT, Yancy CW, Boscardin WJ (February 2005). "Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: classification and regression tree analysis". JAMA. 293 (5): 572–80. doi:10.1001/jama.293.5.572. PMID 15687312.
- ↑ Kittleson M, Hurwitz S, Shah MR, Nohria A, Lewis E, Givertz M, Fang J, Jarcho J, Mudge G, Stevenson LW (June 2003). "Development of circulatory-renal limitations to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors identifies patients with severe heart failure and early mortality". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 41 (11): 2029–35. PMID 12798577.
- ↑ Filippatos G, Rossi J, Lloyd-Jones DM, Stough WG, Ouyang J, Shin DD, O'connor C, Adams KF, Orlandi C, Gheorghiade M (June 2007). "Prognostic value of blood urea nitrogen in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure: insights from the Acute and Chronic Therapeutic Impact of a Vasopressin Antagonist in Chronic Heart Failure (ACTIV in CHF) study". J. Card. Fail. 13 (5): 360–4. doi:10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.02.005. PMID 17602982.
- ↑ Zamora E, Lupón J, Vila J, Urrutia A, de Antonio M, Sanz H, Grau M, Ara J, Bayés-Genís A (May 2012). "Estimated glomerular filtration rate and prognosis in heart failure: value of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study-4, chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration, and cockroft-gault formulas". J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 59 (19): 1709–15. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.066. PMID 22554602.
- ↑ McAlister FA, Ezekowitz J, Tarantini L, Squire I, Komajda M, Bayes-Genis A, Gotsman I, Whalley G, Earle N, Poppe KK, Doughty RN (May 2012). "Renal dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: impact of the new Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration Group formula". Circ Heart Fail. 5 (3): 309–14. doi:10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.966242. PMID 22441773.
- ↑ Steiner MJ, DeWalt DA, Byerley JS (June 2004). "Is this child dehydrated?". JAMA. 291 (22): 2746–54. doi:10.1001/jama.291.22.2746. PMID 15187057.
- ↑ Vega RM, Avner JR (June 1997). "A prospective study of the usefulness of clinical and laboratory parameters for predicting percentage of dehydration in children". Pediatr Emerg Care. 13 (3): 179–82. PMID 9220501.
- ↑ Dossetor JB (December 1966). "Creatininemia versus uremia. The relative significance of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations in azotemia". Ann. Intern. Med. 65 (6): 1287–99. PMID 5928490.
- ↑ Baskett PJ (June 1990). "ABC of major trauma. Management of hypovolaemic shock". BMJ. 300 (6737): 1453–7. PMC 1663124. PMID 2198971.
- ↑ Carpenter DO (February 1990). "Neural mechanisms of emesis". Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 68 (2): 230–6. PMID 2178747.
- ↑ Bresee JS, Marcus R, Venezia RA, Keene WE, Morse D, Thanassi M, Brunett P, Bulens S, Beard RS, Dauphin LA, Slutsker L, Bopp C, Eberhard M, Hall A, Vinje J, Monroe SS, Glass RI (May 2012). "The etiology of severe acute gastroenteritis among adults visiting emergency departments in the United States". J. Infect. Dis. 205 (9): 1374–81. doi:10.1093/infdis/jis206. PMID 22454468.
- ↑ Hall AJ, Rosenthal M, Gregoricus N, Greene SA, Ferguson J, Henao OL, Vinjé J, Lopman BA, Parashar UD, Widdowson MA (August 2011). "Incidence of acute gastroenteritis and role of norovirus, Georgia, USA, 2004-2005". Emerging Infect. Dis. 17 (8): 1381–8. doi:10.3201/eid1708.101533. PMC 3381564. PMID 21801613.
- ↑ Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, Tarr PI, Steiner TS, Kotloff K, Langley JM, Wanke C, Warren CA, Cheng AC, Cantey J, Pickering LK (November 2017). "2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea". Clin. Infect. Dis. 65 (12): e45–e80. doi:10.1093/cid/cix669. PMID 29053792.
- ↑ Toto RD, Mitchell HC, Lee HC, Milam C, Pettinger WA (October 1991). "Reversible renal insufficiency due to angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors in hypertensive nephrosclerosis". Ann. Intern. Med. 115 (7): 513–9. PMID 1883120.
- ↑ Bismuth C, Gaultier M, Conso F, Efthymiou ML (1973). "Hyperkalemia in acute digitalis poisoning: prognostic significance and therapeutic implications". Clin. Toxicol. 6 (2): 153–62. doi:10.3109/15563657308990513. PMID 4715199.
- ↑ Graham DY, Smith JL (April 1981). "The course of patients after variceal hemorrhage". Gastroenterology. 80 (4): 800–9. PMID 6970703.
- ↑ de Franchis R (October 2010). "Revising consensus in portal hypertension: report of the Baveno V consensus workshop on methodology of diagnosis and therapy in portal hypertension". J. Hepatol. 53 (4): 762–8. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2010.06.004. PMID 20638742.
- ↑ LaCroix AZ, Lang J, Scherr P, Wallace RB, Cornoni-Huntley J, Berkman L, Curb JD, Evans D, Hennekens CH (June 1991). "Smoking and mortality among older men and women in three communities". N. Engl. J. Med. 324 (23): 1619–25. doi:10.1056/NEJM199106063242303. PMID 2030718.
- ↑ Mahle WT, Newburger JW, Matherne GP, Smith FC, Hoke TR, Koppel R, Gidding SS, Beekman RH, Grosse SD (August 2009). "Role of pulse oximetry in examining newborns for congenital heart disease: a scientific statement from the AHA and AAP". Pediatrics. 124 (2): 823–36. doi:10.1542/peds.2009-1397. PMID 19581259.
- ↑ Achneck HE, Sileshi B, Parikh A, Milano CA, Welsby IJ, Lawson JH (November 2010). "Pathophysiology of bleeding and clotting in the cardiac surgery patient: from vascular endothelium to circulatory assist device surface". Circulation. 122 (20): 2068–77. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.936773. PMID 21098468.
- ↑ Gralnick HR, Rick ME, McKeown LP, Williams SB, Parker RI, Maisonneuve P, Jenneau C, Sultan Y (July 1986). "Platelet von Willebrand factor: an important determinant of the bleeding time in type I von Willebrand's disease". Blood. 68 (1): 58–61. PMID 3487361.
- ↑ Suchman AL, Griner PF (June 1986). "Diagnostic uses of the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time". Ann. Intern. Med. 104 (6): 810–6. PMID 3706933.
- ↑ Greenberg CS, Devine DV, McCrae KM (January 1987). "Measurement of plasma fibrin D-dimer levels with the use of a monoclonal antibody coupled to latex beads". Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 87 (1): 94–100. PMID 3541576.
- ↑ Liesveld JL, Rowe JM, Lichtman MA (March 1987). "Variability of the erythropoietic response in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: analysis of 109 cases". Blood. 69 (3): 820–6. PMID 3814817.
- ↑ Marchand A, Galen RS, Van Lente F (May 1980). "The predictive value of serum haptoglobin in hemolytic disease". JAMA. 243 (19): 1909–11. PMID 7365971.
- ↑ Stahl WM (June 1987). "Acute phase protein response to tissue injury". Crit. Care Med. 15 (6): 545–50. PMID 2436855.
- ↑ Conley CL, Lippman SM, Ness P (October 1980). "Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia. A medical emergency". JAMA. 244 (15): 1688–90. PMID 7411826.
- ↑ Ginès P, Schrier RW (September 2009). "Renal failure in cirrhosis". N. Engl. J. Med. 361 (13): 1279–90. doi:10.1056/NEJMra0809139. PMID 19776409.
- ↑ Arroyo V, Ginès P, Gerbes AL, Dudley FJ, Gentilini P, Laffi G, Reynolds TB, Ring-Larsen H, Schölmerich J (January 1996). "Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club". Hepatology. 23 (1): 164–76. doi:10.1002/hep.510230122. PMID 8550036.
- ↑ Salerno F, Gerbes A, Ginès P, Wong F, Arroyo V (September 2007). "Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis". Gut. 56 (9): 1310–8. doi:10.1136/gut.2006.107789. PMC 1954971. PMID 17389705.
- ↑ Angeli P, Ginès P, Wong F, Bernardi M, Boyer TD, Gerbes A, Moreau R, Jalan R, Sarin SK, Piano S, Moore K, Lee SS, Durand F, Salerno F, Caraceni P, Kim WR, Arroyo V, Garcia-Tsao G (April 2015). "Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites". J. Hepatol. 62 (4): 968–74. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.029. PMID 25638527.
- ↑ Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, Antzelevitch C, Corrado D, Arnett D, Moss AJ, Seidman CE, Young JB (April 2006). "Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention". Circulation. 113 (14): 1807–16. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287. PMID 16567565.
- ↑ Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Bjørnstad HH, Vanhees L, Biffi A, Borjesson M, Panhuyzen-Goedkoop N, Deligiannis A, Solberg E, Dugmore D, Mellwig KP, Assanelli D, Delise P, van-Buuren F, Anastasakis A, Heidbuchel H, Hoffmann E, Fagard R, Priori SG, Basso C, Arbustini E, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, McKenna WJ, Thiene G (March 2005). "Cardiovascular pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death: proposal for a common European protocol. Consensus Statement of the Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology". Eur. Heart J. 26 (5): 516–24. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehi108. PMID 15689345.
- ↑ Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, Bilinska Z, Cecchi F, Charron P, Dubourg O, Kühl U, Maisch B, McKenna WJ, Monserrat L, Pankuweit S, Rapezzi C, Seferovic P, Tavazzi L, Keren A (January 2008). "Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases". Eur. Heart J. 29 (2): 270–6. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm342. PMID 17916581.
- ↑ Thompson PD, Franklin BA, Balady GJ, Blair SN, Corrado D, Estes NA, Fulton JE, Gordon NF, Haskell WL, Link MS, Maron BJ, Mittleman MA, Pelliccia A, Wenger NK, Willich SN, Costa F (May 2007). "Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the Council on Clinical Cardiology". Circulation. 115 (17): 2358–68. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.181485. PMID 17468391.
- ↑ Ge PS, Runyon BA (March 2014). "The changing role of beta-blocker therapy in patients with cirrhosis". J. Hepatol. 60 (3): 643–53. doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.016. PMID 24076364.
- ↑ Becker CD, Scheidegger J, Marincek B (1986). "Hepatic vein occlusion: morphologic features on computed tomography and ultrasonography". Gastrointest Radiol. 11 (4): 305–11. PMID 3533689.
- ↑ Giorgio A, Amoroso P, Lettieri G, Fico P, de Stefano G, Finelli L, Scala V, Tarantino L, Pierri P, Pesce G (November 1986). "Cirrhosis: value of caudate to right lobe ratio in diagnosis with US". Radiology. 161 (2): 443–5. doi:10.1148/radiology.161.2.3532188. PMID 3532188.
- ↑ Johnson W, Nguyen ML, Patel R (November 2012). "Hypertension crisis in the emergency department". Cardiol Clin. 30 (4): 533–43. doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2012.07.011. PMID 23102030.
- ↑ Elliott WJ (2006). "Clinical features in the management of selected hypertensive emergencies". Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 48 (5): 316–25. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2006.02.004. PMID 16627047.