Sandbox:Eiman: Difference between revisions

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{|  
{|  
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Etiology
! colspan="2" rowspan="3" |Etiology
! colspan="10" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Clinical manifestations
! colspan="10" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Clinical manifestations
! colspan="11" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Paraclinical findings
! colspan="11" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Paraclinical findings
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! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
! align="center" style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" |Other
|-
|-
! rowspan="23" style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Prerenal
! rowspan="15" |Prerenal
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Alcohol poisoning]]<ref name="pmid15589492">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pletcher MJ, Maselli J, Gonzales R |title=Uncomplicated alcohol intoxication in the emergency department: an analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=117 |issue=11 |pages=863–7 |date=December 2004 |pmid=15589492 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.07.042 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2927129">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cherpitel CJ |title=Breath analysis and self-reports as measures of alcohol-related emergency room admissions |journal=J. Stud. Alcohol |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=155–61 |date=March 1989 |pmid=2927129 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12510444">{{cite journal |vauthors=Yost DA |title=Acute care for alcohol intoxication. Be prepared to consider clinical dilemmas |journal=Postgrad Med |volume=112 |issue=6 |pages=14–6, 21–2, 25–6 |date=December 2002 |pmid=12510444 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid10452451">{{cite journal |vauthors=Boba A |title=Management of acute alcoholic intoxication |journal=Am J Emerg Med |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=431 |date=July 1999 |pmid=10452451 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Alcohol poisoning]]<ref name="pmid15589492">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pletcher MJ, Maselli J, Gonzales R |title=Uncomplicated alcohol intoxication in the emergency department: an analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey |journal=Am. J. Med. |volume=117 |issue=11 |pages=863–7 |date=December 2004 |pmid=15589492 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.07.042 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2927129">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cherpitel CJ |title=Breath analysis and self-reports as measures of alcohol-related emergency room admissions |journal=J. Stud. Alcohol |volume=50 |issue=2 |pages=155–61 |date=March 1989 |pmid=2927129 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |+/-
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |+/-
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[PT]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[PT]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] (isopropyl [[alcohol]])
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]] (isopropyl [[alcohol]])
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Thiamine]] must be given to prevent [[Wernicke's encephalopathy]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Thiamine]] must be given to prevent [[Wernicke's encephalopathy]]
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|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Aspergillosis|'''Aspergillosis''']]<ref name="pmid11880955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marr KA, Carter RA, Crippa F, Wald A, Corey L |title=Epidemiology and outcome of mould infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=34 |issue=7 |pages=909–17 |date=April 2002 |pmid=11880955 |doi=10.1086/339202 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16886149">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cornillet A, Camus C, Nimubona S, Gandemer V, Tattevin P, Belleguic C, Chevrier S, Meunier C, Lebert C, Aupée M, Caulet-Maugendre S, Faucheux M, Lelong B, Leray E, Guiguen C, Gangneux JP |title=Comparison of epidemiological, clinical, and biological features of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients: a 6-year survey |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=577–84 |date=September 2006 |pmid=16886149 |doi=10.1086/505870 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16129254">{{cite journal |vauthors=Horger M, Hebart H, Einsele H, Lengerke C, Claussen CD, Vonthein R, Pfannenberg C |title=Initial CT manifestations of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in 45 non-HIV immunocompromised patients: association with patient outcome? |journal=Eur J Radiol |volume=55 |issue=3 |pages=437–44 |date=September 2005 |pmid=16129254 |doi=10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.01.001 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Aspergillosis|'''Aspergillosis''']]<ref name="pmid11880955">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marr KA, Carter RA, Crippa F, Wald A, Corey L |title=Epidemiology and outcome of mould infections in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=34 |issue=7 |pages=909–17 |date=April 2002 |pmid=11880955 |doi=10.1086/339202 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid16886149">{{cite journal |vauthors=Cornillet A, Camus C, Nimubona S, Gandemer V, Tattevin P, Belleguic C, Chevrier S, Meunier C, Lebert C, Aupée M, Caulet-Maugendre S, Faucheux M, Lelong B, Leray E, Guiguen C, Gangneux JP |title=Comparison of epidemiological, clinical, and biological features of invasive aspergillosis in neutropenic and nonneutropenic patients: a 6-year survey |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=43 |issue=5 |pages=577–84 |date=September 2006 |pmid=16886149 |doi=10.1086/505870 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Halo sign, Wedge-shaped pulmonary [[infarction]], [[Granuloma]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Halo sign, Wedge-shaped pulmonary [[infarction]], [[Granuloma]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |-
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Polymerase chain reaction|Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)]]  
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Polymerase chain reaction|Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)]]  
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! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Congestive heart failure]] (CHF)<ref name="pmid17724259">{{cite journal |vauthors=Solomon SD, Dobson J, Pocock S, Skali H, McMurray JJ, Granger CB, Yusuf S, Swedberg K, Young JB, Michelson EL, Pfeffer MA |title=Influence of nonfatal hospitalization for heart failure on subsequent mortality in patients with chronic heart failure |journal=Circulation |volume=116 |issue=13 |pages=1482–7 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17724259 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.696906 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15687312">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fonarow GC, Adams KF, Abraham WT, Yancy CW, Boscardin WJ |title=Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: classification and regression tree analysis |journal=JAMA |volume=293 |issue=5 |pages=572–80 |date=February 2005 |pmid=15687312 |doi=10.1001/jama.293.5.572 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid12798577">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kittleson M, Hurwitz S, Shah MR, Nohria A, Lewis E, Givertz M, Fang J, Jarcho J, Mudge G, Stevenson LW |title=Development of circulatory-renal limitations to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors identifies patients with severe heart failure and early mortality |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=41 |issue=11 |pages=2029–35 |date=June 2003 |pmid=12798577 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17602982">{{cite journal |vauthors=Filippatos G, Rossi J, Lloyd-Jones DM, Stough WG, Ouyang J, Shin DD, O'connor C, Adams KF, Orlandi C, Gheorghiade M |title=Prognostic value of blood urea nitrogen in patients hospitalized with worsening heart failure: insights from the Acute and Chronic Therapeutic Impact of a Vasopressin Antagonist in Chronic Heart Failure (ACTIV in CHF) study |journal=J. Card. Fail. |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=360–4 |date=June 2007 |pmid=17602982 |doi=10.1016/j.cardfail.2007.02.005 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22554602">{{cite journal |vauthors=Zamora E, Lupón J, Vila J, Urrutia A, de Antonio M, Sanz H, Grau M, Ara J, Bayés-Genís A |title=Estimated glomerular filtration rate and prognosis in heart failure: value of the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease Study-4, chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration, and cockroft-gault formulas |journal=J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. |volume=59 |issue=19 |pages=1709–15 |date=May 2012 |pmid=22554602 |doi=10.1016/j.jacc.2011.11.066 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22441773">{{cite journal |vauthors=McAlister FA, Ezekowitz J, Tarantini L, Squire I, Komajda M, Bayes-Genis A, Gotsman I, Whalley G, Earle N, Poppe KK, Doughty RN |title=Renal dysfunction in patients with heart failure with preserved versus reduced ejection fraction: impact of the new Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration Group formula |journal=Circ Heart Fail |volume=5 |issue=3 |pages=309–14 |date=May 2012 |pmid=22441773 |doi=10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.111.966242 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Congestive heart failure]] (CHF)<ref name="pmid17724259">{{cite journal |vauthors=Solomon SD, Dobson J, Pocock S, Skali H, McMurray JJ, Granger CB, Yusuf S, Swedberg K, Young JB, Michelson EL, Pfeffer MA |title=Influence of nonfatal hospitalization for heart failure on subsequent mortality in patients with chronic heart failure |journal=Circulation |volume=116 |issue=13 |pages=1482–7 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17724259 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.696906 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15687312">{{cite journal |vauthors=Fonarow GC, Adams KF, Abraham WT, Yancy CW, Boscardin WJ |title=Risk stratification for in-hospital mortality in acutely decompensated heart failure: classification and regression tree analysis |journal=JAMA |volume=293 |issue=5 |pages=572–80 |date=February 2005 |pmid=15687312 |doi=10.1001/jama.293.5.572 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Dehydration]]<ref name="pmid15187057">{{cite journal |vauthors=Steiner MJ, DeWalt DA, Byerley JS |title=Is this child dehydrated? |journal=JAMA |volume=291 |issue=22 |pages=2746–54 |date=June 2004 |pmid=15187057 |doi=10.1001/jama.291.22.2746 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9220501">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vega RM, Avner JR |title=A prospective study of the usefulness of clinical and laboratory parameters for predicting percentage of dehydration in children |journal=Pediatr Emerg Care |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=179–82 |date=June 1997 |pmid=9220501 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid5928490">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dossetor JB |title=Creatininemia versus uremia. The relative significance of blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine concentrations in azotemia |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=65 |issue=6 |pages=1287–99 |date=December 1966 |pmid=5928490 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2198971">{{cite journal |vauthors=Baskett PJ |title=ABC of major trauma. Management of hypovolaemic shock |journal=BMJ |volume=300 |issue=6737 |pages=1453–7 |date=June 1990 |pmid=2198971 |pmc=1663124 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Dehydration]]<ref name="pmid15187057">{{cite journal |vauthors=Steiner MJ, DeWalt DA, Byerley JS |title=Is this child dehydrated? |journal=JAMA |volume=291 |issue=22 |pages=2746–54 |date=June 2004 |pmid=15187057 |doi=10.1001/jama.291.22.2746 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid9220501">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vega RM, Avner JR |title=A prospective study of the usefulness of clinical and laboratory parameters for predicting percentage of dehydration in children |journal=Pediatr Emerg Care |volume=13 |issue=3 |pages=179–82 |date=June 1997 |pmid=9220501 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
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! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Diarrhea]] and/or [[vomiting]]<ref name="pmid2178747">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carpenter DO |title=Neural mechanisms of emesis |journal=Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=230–6 |date=February 1990 |pmid=2178747 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22454468">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bresee JS, Marcus R, Venezia RA, Keene WE, Morse D, Thanassi M, Brunett P, Bulens S, Beard RS, Dauphin LA, Slutsker L, Bopp C, Eberhard M, Hall A, Vinje J, Monroe SS, Glass RI |title=The etiology of severe acute gastroenteritis among adults visiting emergency departments in the United States |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=205 |issue=9 |pages=1374–81 |date=May 2012 |pmid=22454468 |doi=10.1093/infdis/jis206 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid21801613">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hall AJ, Rosenthal M, Gregoricus N, Greene SA, Ferguson J, Henao OL, Vinjé J, Lopman BA, Parashar UD, Widdowson MA |title=Incidence of acute gastroenteritis and role of norovirus, Georgia, USA, 2004-2005 |journal=Emerging Infect. Dis. |volume=17 |issue=8 |pages=1381–8 |date=August 2011 |pmid=21801613 |pmc=3381564 |doi=10.3201/eid1708.101533 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29053792">{{cite journal |vauthors=Shane AL, Mody RK, Crump JA, Tarr PI, Steiner TS, Kotloff K, Langley JM, Wanke C, Warren CA, Cheng AC, Cantey J, Pickering LK |title=2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=65 |issue=12 |pages=e45–e80 |date=November 2017 |pmid=29053792 |doi=10.1093/cid/cix669 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Diarrhea]] and/or [[vomiting]]<ref name="pmid2178747">{{cite journal |vauthors=Carpenter DO |title=Neural mechanisms of emesis |journal=Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. |volume=68 |issue=2 |pages=230–6 |date=February 1990 |pmid=2178747 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22454468">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bresee JS, Marcus R, Venezia RA, Keene WE, Morse D, Thanassi M, Brunett P, Bulens S, Beard RS, Dauphin LA, Slutsker L, Bopp C, Eberhard M, Hall A, Vinje J, Monroe SS, Glass RI |title=The etiology of severe acute gastroenteritis among adults visiting emergency departments in the United States |journal=J. Infect. Dis. |volume=205 |issue=9 |pages=1374–81 |date=May 2012 |pmid=22454468 |doi=10.1093/infdis/jis206 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
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! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Heart disease]]<ref name="pmid2030718">{{cite journal |vauthors=LaCroix AZ, Lang J, Scherr P, Wallace RB, Cornoni-Huntley J, Berkman L, Curb JD, Evans D, Hennekens CH |title=Smoking and mortality among older men and women in three communities |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=324 |issue=23 |pages=1619–25 |date=June 1991 |pmid=2030718 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199106063242303 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19581259">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahle WT, Newburger JW, Matherne GP, Smith FC, Hoke TR, Koppel R, Gidding SS, Beekman RH, Grosse SD |title=Role of pulse oximetry in examining newborns for congenital heart disease: a scientific statement from the AHA and AAP |journal=Pediatrics |volume=124 |issue=2 |pages=823–36 |date=August 2009 |pmid=19581259 |doi=10.1542/peds.2009-1397 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Heart disease]]<ref name="pmid2030718">{{cite journal |vauthors=LaCroix AZ, Lang J, Scherr P, Wallace RB, Cornoni-Huntley J, Berkman L, Curb JD, Evans D, Hennekens CH |title=Smoking and mortality among older men and women in three communities |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=324 |issue=23 |pages=1619–25 |date=June 1991 |pmid=2030718 |doi=10.1056/NEJM199106063242303 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid19581259">{{cite journal |vauthors=Mahle WT, Newburger JW, Matherne GP, Smith FC, Hoke TR, Koppel R, Gidding SS, Beekman RH, Grosse SD |title=Role of pulse oximetry in examining newborns for congenital heart disease: a scientific statement from the AHA and AAP |journal=Pediatrics |volume=124 |issue=2 |pages=823–36 |date=August 2009 |pmid=19581259 |doi=10.1542/peds.2009-1397 |url=}}</ref>
-Congenital
-Acquired
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
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! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hemorrhage]]<ref name="pmid21098468">{{cite journal |vauthors=Achneck HE, Sileshi B, Parikh A, Milano CA, Welsby IJ, Lawson JH |title=Pathophysiology of bleeding and clotting in the cardiac surgery patient: from vascular endothelium to circulatory assist device surface |journal=Circulation |volume=122 |issue=20 |pages=2068–77 |date=November 2010 |pmid=21098468 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.936773 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3487361">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gralnick HR, Rick ME, McKeown LP, Williams SB, Parker RI, Maisonneuve P, Jenneau C, Sultan Y |title=Platelet von Willebrand factor: an important determinant of the bleeding time in type I von Willebrand's disease |journal=Blood |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=58–61 |date=July 1986 |pmid=3487361 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3706933">{{cite journal |vauthors=Suchman AL, Griner PF |title=Diagnostic uses of the activated partial thromboplastin time and prothrombin time |journal=Ann. Intern. Med. |volume=104 |issue=6 |pages=810–6 |date=June 1986 |pmid=3706933 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3541576">{{cite journal |vauthors=Greenberg CS, Devine DV, McCrae KM |title=Measurement of plasma fibrin D-dimer levels with the use of a monoclonal antibody coupled to latex beads |journal=Am. J. Clin. Pathol. |volume=87 |issue=1 |pages=94–100 |date=January 1987 |pmid=3541576 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hemorrhage]]<ref name="pmid21098468">{{cite journal |vauthors=Achneck HE, Sileshi B, Parikh A, Milano CA, Welsby IJ, Lawson JH |title=Pathophysiology of bleeding and clotting in the cardiac surgery patient: from vascular endothelium to circulatory assist device surface |journal=Circulation |volume=122 |issue=20 |pages=2068–77 |date=November 2010 |pmid=21098468 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.936773 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3487361">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gralnick HR, Rick ME, McKeown LP, Williams SB, Parker RI, Maisonneuve P, Jenneau C, Sultan Y |title=Platelet von Willebrand factor: an important determinant of the bleeding time in type I von Willebrand's disease |journal=Blood |volume=68 |issue=1 |pages=58–61 |date=July 1986 |pmid=3487361 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | -
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hemolysis]]<ref name="pmid3814817">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liesveld JL, Rowe JM, Lichtman MA |title=Variability of the erythropoietic response in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: analysis of 109 cases |journal=Blood |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=820–6 |date=March 1987 |pmid=3814817 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7365971">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marchand A, Galen RS, Van Lente F |title=The predictive value of serum haptoglobin in hemolytic disease |journal=JAMA |volume=243 |issue=19 |pages=1909–11 |date=May 1980 |pmid=7365971 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid2436855">{{cite journal |vauthors=Stahl WM |title=Acute phase protein response to tissue injury |journal=Crit. Care Med. |volume=15 |issue=6 |pages=545–50 |date=June 1987 |pmid=2436855 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7411826">{{cite journal |vauthors=Conley CL, Lippman SM, Ness P |title=Autoimmune hemolytic anemia with reticulocytopenia. A medical emergency |journal=JAMA |volume=244 |issue=15 |pages=1688–90 |date=October 1980 |pmid=7411826 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hemolysis]]<ref name="pmid3814817">{{cite journal |vauthors=Liesveld JL, Rowe JM, Lichtman MA |title=Variability of the erythropoietic response in autoimmune hemolytic anemia: analysis of 109 cases |journal=Blood |volume=69 |issue=3 |pages=820–6 |date=March 1987 |pmid=3814817 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid7365971">{{cite journal |vauthors=Marchand A, Galen RS, Van Lente F |title=The predictive value of serum haptoglobin in hemolytic disease |journal=JAMA |volume=243 |issue=19 |pages=1909–11 |date=May 1980 |pmid=7365971 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |-
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | -
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| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" | -
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hepatorenal syndrome]]<ref name="pmid19776409">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ginès P, Schrier RW |title=Renal failure in cirrhosis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=361 |issue=13 |pages=1279–90 |date=September 2009 |pmid=19776409 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra0809139 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8550036">{{cite journal |vauthors=Arroyo V, Ginès P, Gerbes AL, Dudley FJ, Gentilini P, Laffi G, Reynolds TB, Ring-Larsen H, Schölmerich J |title=Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club |journal=Hepatology |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=164–76 |date=January 1996 |pmid=8550036 |doi=10.1002/hep.510230122 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17389705">{{cite journal |vauthors=Salerno F, Gerbes A, Ginès P, Wong F, Arroyo V |title=Diagnosis, prevention and treatment of hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis |journal=Gut |volume=56 |issue=9 |pages=1310–8 |date=September 2007 |pmid=17389705 |pmc=1954971 |doi=10.1136/gut.2006.107789 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid25638527">{{cite journal |vauthors=Angeli P, Ginès P, Wong F, Bernardi M, Boyer TD, Gerbes A, Moreau R, Jalan R, Sarin SK, Piano S, Moore K, Lee SS, Durand F, Salerno F, Caraceni P, Kim WR, Arroyo V, Garcia-Tsao G |title=Diagnosis and management of acute kidney injury in patients with cirrhosis: revised consensus recommendations of the International Club of Ascites |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=62 |issue=4 |pages=968–74 |date=April 2015 |pmid=25638527 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2014.12.029 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Hepatorenal syndrome]]<ref name="pmid19776409">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ginès P, Schrier RW |title=Renal failure in cirrhosis |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=361 |issue=13 |pages=1279–90 |date=September 2009 |pmid=19776409 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra0809139 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid8550036">{{cite journal |vauthors=Arroyo V, Ginès P, Gerbes AL, Dudley FJ, Gentilini P, Laffi G, Reynolds TB, Ring-Larsen H, Schölmerich J |title=Definition and diagnostic criteria of refractory ascites and hepatorenal syndrome in cirrhosis. International Ascites Club |journal=Hepatology |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=164–76 |date=January 1996 |pmid=8550036 |doi=10.1002/hep.510230122 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| -
| -
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Cardiomyopathy|Ischemic cardiomyopathy]]<ref name="pmid16567565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, Antzelevitch C, Corrado D, Arnett D, Moss AJ, Seidman CE, Young JB |title=Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention |journal=Circulation |volume=113 |issue=14 |pages=1807–16 |date=April 2006 |pmid=16567565 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15689345">{{cite journal |vauthors=Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Bjørnstad HH, Vanhees L, Biffi A, Borjesson M, Panhuyzen-Goedkoop N, Deligiannis A, Solberg E, Dugmore D, Mellwig KP, Assanelli D, Delise P, van-Buuren F, Anastasakis A, Heidbuchel H, Hoffmann E, Fagard R, Priori SG, Basso C, Arbustini E, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, McKenna WJ, Thiene G |title=Cardiovascular pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death: proposal for a common European protocol. Consensus Statement of the Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology |journal=Eur. Heart J. |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=516–24 |date=March 2005 |pmid=15689345 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehi108 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17916581">{{cite journal |vauthors=Elliott P, Andersson B, Arbustini E, Bilinska Z, Cecchi F, Charron P, Dubourg O, Kühl U, Maisch B, McKenna WJ, Monserrat L, Pankuweit S, Rapezzi C, Seferovic P, Tavazzi L, Keren A |title=Classification of the cardiomyopathies: a position statement from the European Society Of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases |journal=Eur. Heart J. |volume=29 |issue=2 |pages=270–6 |date=January 2008 |pmid=17916581 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehm342 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17468391">{{cite journal |vauthors=Thompson PD, Franklin BA, Balady GJ, Blair SN, Corrado D, Estes NA, Fulton JE, Gordon NF, Haskell WL, Link MS, Maron BJ, Mittleman MA, Pelliccia A, Wenger NK, Willich SN, Costa F |title=Exercise and acute cardiovascular events placing the risks into perspective: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism and the Council on Clinical Cardiology |journal=Circulation |volume=115 |issue=17 |pages=2358–68 |date=May 2007 |pmid=17468391 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.181485 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Cardiomyopathy|Ischemic cardiomyopathy]]<ref name="pmid16567565">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maron BJ, Towbin JA, Thiene G, Antzelevitch C, Corrado D, Arnett D, Moss AJ, Seidman CE, Young JB |title=Contemporary definitions and classification of the cardiomyopathies: an American Heart Association Scientific Statement from the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee; Quality of Care and Outcomes Research and Functional Genomics and Translational Biology Interdisciplinary Working Groups; and Council on Epidemiology and Prevention |journal=Circulation |volume=113 |issue=14 |pages=1807–16 |date=April 2006 |pmid=16567565 |doi=10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.174287 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid15689345">{{cite journal |vauthors=Corrado D, Pelliccia A, Bjørnstad HH, Vanhees L, Biffi A, Borjesson M, Panhuyzen-Goedkoop N, Deligiannis A, Solberg E, Dugmore D, Mellwig KP, Assanelli D, Delise P, van-Buuren F, Anastasakis A, Heidbuchel H, Hoffmann E, Fagard R, Priori SG, Basso C, Arbustini E, Blomstrom-Lundqvist C, McKenna WJ, Thiene G |title=Cardiovascular pre-participation screening of young competitive athletes for prevention of sudden death: proposal for a common European protocol. Consensus Statement of the Study Group of Sport Cardiology of the Working Group of Cardiac Rehabilitation and Exercise Physiology and the Working Group of Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology |journal=Eur. Heart J. |volume=26 |issue=5 |pages=516–24 |date=March 2005 |pmid=15689345 |doi=10.1093/eurheartj/ehi108 |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
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| -
| -
|-
|-
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Liver cirrhosis]]<ref name="pmid24076364">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ge PS, Runyon BA |title=The changing role of beta-blocker therapy in patients with cirrhosis |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=643–53 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24076364 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.016 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3533689">{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker CD, Scheidegger J, Marincek B |title=Hepatic vein occlusion: morphologic features on computed tomography and ultrasonography |journal=Gastrointest Radiol |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=305–11 |date=1986 |pmid=3533689 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3532188">{{cite journal |vauthors=Giorgio A, Amoroso P, Lettieri G, Fico P, de Stefano G, Finelli L, Scala V, Tarantino L, Pierri P, Pesce G |title=Cirrhosis: value of caudate to right lobe ratio in diagnosis with US |journal=Radiology |volume=161 |issue=2 |pages=443–5 |date=November 1986 |pmid=3532188 |doi=10.1148/radiology.161.2.3532188 |url=}}</ref>
! style="background: #DCDCDC; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |[[Liver cirrhosis]]<ref name="pmid24076364">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ge PS, Runyon BA |title=The changing role of beta-blocker therapy in patients with cirrhosis |journal=J. Hepatol. |volume=60 |issue=3 |pages=643–53 |date=March 2014 |pmid=24076364 |doi=10.1016/j.jhep.2013.09.016 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid3533689">{{cite journal |vauthors=Becker CD, Scheidegger J, Marincek B |title=Hepatic vein occlusion: morphologic features on computed tomography and ultrasonography |journal=Gastrointest Radiol |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=305–11 |date=1986 |pmid=3533689 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
Line 399: Line 396:
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Not applicable
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Left atrial enlargement and left ventricular [[hypertrophy|hypertrophy in]] [[echocardiography]]
| style="background: #F5F5F5; padding: 5px; text-align: center;" |Left atrial enlargement and left ventricular [[hypertrophy|hypertrophy in]] [[echocardiography]]
| -
|-
! colspan="2" |Etiology
!Fatigue/
Lethargy
!Thirst
!Dizziness/
Confusion
!Muscle weakness/
cramp
!Somatic/
visceral pain
!Vomiting
!Diarrhea
!Tachypnea
!Hematuria/
Proteinuria
!Edema
!Blood indices
!Renal Funtion test
!Electrolytes
!Urine analysis
!ABG
!Other
!Ultrasound
!X-ray
!CT
!MRI
!Other
!Comments
|-
!
|[[Myocarditis|'''Myocarditis''']]<ref name="pmid39746742">{{cite journal |vauthors=Dec GW, Palacios IF, Fallon JT, Aretz HT, Mills J, Lee DC, Johnson RA |title=Active myocarditis in the spectrum of acute dilated cardiomyopathies. Clinical features, histologic correlates, and clinical outcome |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=312 |issue=14 |pages=885–90 |date=April 1985 |pmid=3974674 |doi=10.1056/NEJM198504043121404 |url=}}</ref>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|[[Leukocytosis]] ([[eosinophilia]]),↑[[ESR]] and [[CRP]]
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|[[Cardiac enzymes]], Viral antibodies
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Inflammatory [[edema]], Degree of scarring
|[[Endomyocardial biopsy]], [[Echocardiography]], [[Scintigraphy]]
|Not applicable
|-
!
|[[Peritonitis|'''Peritonitis''']]<ref name="pmid97980132">{{cite journal |vauthors=Such J, Runyon BA |title=Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=27 |issue=4 |pages=669–74; quiz 675–6 |date=October 1998 |pmid=9798013 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid22106722">{{cite journal |vauthors=Runyon BA |title=Monomicrobial nonneutrocytic bacterascites: a variant of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis |journal=Hepatology |volume=12 |issue=4 Pt 1 |pages=710–5 |date=October 1990 |pmid=2210672 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|[[Leukocytosis]]
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Ascitic fluid [[neutrophil]] count > 500 cells/µL
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
| -
| -
|-
!
|[[Polycythemia|'''Polycythemia''']]<ref name="pmid90251652">{{cite journal |vauthors=Gregg XT, Prchal JT |title=Erythropoietin receptor mutations and human disease |journal=Semin. Hematol. |volume=34 |issue=1 |pages=70–6 |date=January 1997 |pmid=9025165 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid92925432">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kralovics R, Indrak K, Stopka T, Berman BW, Prchal JF, Prchal JT |title=Two new EPO receptor mutations: truncated EPO receptors are most frequently associated with primary familial and congenital polycythemias |journal=Blood |volume=90 |issue=5 |pages=2057–61 |date=September 1997 |pmid=9292543 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|↑[[RBC]], ↑[[Hematocrit|HCT]], ↑[[Hemoglobin|HGB]], [[Thrombocytosis]], [[Leukocytosis]], ↑[[PT]] and [[aPTT]]
|↓[[Erythropoietin]]
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|[[Hyperuricemia]]
|[[Splenomegaly]]
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
| -
|[[Phlebotomy]] is the usual treatment
|-
!
|[[Respiratory distress syndrome|'''Respiratory distress syndrome''']]<ref name="pmid265428772">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hooper SB, Te Pas AB, Kitchen MJ |title=Respiratory transition in the newborn: a three-phase process |journal=Arch. Dis. Child. Fetal Neonatal Ed. |volume=101 |issue=3 |pages=F266–71 |date=May 2016 |pmid=26542877 |doi=10.1136/archdischild-2013-305704 |url=}}</ref>
|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|[[Metabolic acidosis|Metabolic]] and [[Metabolic acidosis|respiratory acidosis]]
|[[Pulse oximetry]]
|Not applicable
|Bilateral, diffuse, reticular granular or ground-glass appearance +/- [[Cardiomegaly]]
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|[[Patent ductus arteriosus]] [[hypertrophy|in]] [[echocardiography]]
| -
|-
!
|[[Shock|'''Shock''']]<ref name="pmid24171518">{{cite journal |vauthors=Vincent JL, De Backer D |title=Circulatory shock |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=369 |issue=18 |pages=1726–34 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24171518 |doi=10.1056/NEJMra1208943 |url=}}</ref>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|↑[[Hematocrit|HCT]], ↑[[PT]] and [[aPTT]], [[Eosinophilia]], [[Leukocytosis]]
|↓[[Glomerular filtration rate|GFR]], ↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]]
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|↑[[Lactate]]
|[[Liver function tests|LFT]],  ↑[[BNP]], ↑[[Troponin]], [[D-dimer]], [[Fibrinogen]]
|[[Pulmonary embolism]], [[Pericardial effusion]], [[Cardiac tamponade]], [[Pneumothorax]], Thoracic or [[abdominal aortic aneurysm]] in RUSH (Rapid Ultrasound for Shock and Hypotension)
|[[Pneumonia]], [[Pneumothorax]], [[Pulmonary edema]], Widened [[mediastinum]], Free air under the [[diaphragm]]
|Traumatic brain injury, [[Stroke]], Spinal injury, [[Pneumonia]], [[Pneumothorax]], Ruptured [[aneurysm]], [[Aortic dissection]], [[Pulmonary embolism]]
|Not applicable
| -
| -
|-
!
|'''[[Toxic megacolon]]<ref name="pmid5305933">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jalan KN, Sircus W, Card WI, Falconer CW, Bruce CB, Crean GP, McManus JP, Small WP, Smith AN |title=An experience of ulcerative colitis. I. Toxic dilation in 55 cases |journal=Gastroenterology |volume=57 |issue=1 |pages=68–82 |date=July 1969 |pmid=5305933 |doi= |url=}}</ref>'''
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+</nowiki>
|<nowiki>+/-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|<nowiki>-</nowiki>
|[[Leukocytosis]], [[Anemia]], ↑[[ESR]] and [[CRP]]
|↑[[Blood urea nitrogen|BUN]], ↑[[Cr]]
|↓[[Sodium|Na]]
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|Loss of haustra, Hypoechoic and thick bowel walls, Dilated [[colon]] > 6cm, Dilatation of ileal loops
|Dilated [[colon]], Free intraperitoneal air
|[[Bowel perforation]], [[Abscess]]
|Not applicable
|Not applicable
|[[Endoscopy]] and [[colonoscopy]]
| -
| -
|}
|}
<references />
<references />

Revision as of 17:48, 11 May 2018

Etiology Clinical manifestations Paraclinical findings Comments
Symptoms and signs Lab findings Imaging
Fatigue/

Lethargy

Thirst Dizziness/

Confusion

Muscle weakness/

cramp

Somatic/

visceral pain

Vomiting Diarrhea Tachypnea Hematuria/

Proteinuria

Edema Blood indices Renal Funtion test Electrolytes Urine analysis ABG Other Ultrasound X-ray CT MRI Other
Prerenal Alcohol poisoning[1][2] + - +/- - +/- + +/- - - - ↑PT ↑BUN, ↑Cr (isopropyl alcohol) ↓Na Not applicable ↓HCO3 LFT Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable - Thiamine must be given to prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy
Aspergillosis[3][4] +/- - - - - - - +/- - - Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Allergy test, ↑IgE (>1000 IU/dl), Direct visualization of fungal hyphae Not applicable Pulmonary infiltrates, Mucus plug, Mass in the upper lobe surrounded by a crescent of air, Solitary or multiple cavities Halo sign, Wedge-shaped pulmonary infarction, Granuloma Not applicable - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
Cholera[5][6][6][7] +/- + - - - +/- + - - - Leukocytosis, ↑HCT ↑BUN, ↑Cr ↓Na, ↑Ca, ↑Mg Not applicable ↑Lactate, ↓HCO3 Stool PCR, Stool culture, Serotyping Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable - -
Congestive heart failure (CHF)[8][9] + - - - - - + - - + Anemia, Leukocytosis ↑BUN, ↑Cr ↓Na, ↑K Not applicable ↑Lactate, ↓HCO3, ↑BNP, ↑Troponin Cardiomegaly, Pulmonary hypertension, Pleural effusions Pulmonary edema Not applicable Valvular heart disease Decreased ejection fraction in echocardiography, Heart function and damage in nuclear imaging -
Dehydration[10][11] + + - +/- - +/- +/- - - - Not applicable ↑BUN, ↑Cr ↓Na, ↑K, ↓Cl Ketones and glucose, ↑Urine specific gravity ↑Lactate, ↓HCO3 Hypoglycemia Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable - -
Diarrhea and/or vomiting[12][13] +/- +/- - - - + + - - - Leukocytosis with predominant neutrophilia, ↑ ESR Not applicable Not applicable Ketones, Organic acids, Porphobilinogen, Aminolevulinic acid Not applicable Stool anion gap, Stool pH < 5.5, Stool culture, Serotyping, Enzyme immunoassay (rotavirus or adenovirus), LFT, Amylase, Lipase Normal Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable - -
Drugs/toxins[14][15] +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- Not applicable ↑BUN, ↑Cr, ↑CK ↑K, ↓Mg, ↓Ca, ↓P Ingested drug, Glucose, Aminoacid, Phosphate, Ketone, Hyaline cast, RBC ↑Lactate, Metabolic acidosis Toxicology, Rapid immunoassay Nephropathy Radioopaque substances, Ingested drug packets Not applicable Not applicable - -
Esophageal varices bleeding[16][17] +/- - - - +/- - - - - - Normocytic normochromic anemia ↑BUN, ↑Cr Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Velocity and direction of portal flow Abnormal opacities outside ofesophageal wall, Posterior mediastinal or intraparenchymal mass, Dilated azygous vein Entire portal venous system Portrays esophageal varices as flow voids Portal hypertension and esophageal varices in positron emission tomography, Flexible endoscope, Barium swallow of snake-like filling defects -
Heart disease[18][19] +/- - - - - - - +/- - +/- ↑ESR and CRP ↑BUN, ↑Cr Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Throat culture, Rapid streptococcal antigen test, Hyperoxia test, Pulse oximetry Not applicable Cardiomegaly, Dextrocardia Not applicable Not applicable Ventricular dysfunction, Left and right ventricular hypertrophy, Valvular disease in echocardiography -
Hemorrhage[20][21] - - - - - - - - - - Normocytic normochromic anemia, ↑PT, ↑PTT ↑BUN, ↑Cr ↑Na, ↑Cl, ↓Ca Not applicable Metabolic acidosis Not applicable Peritoneal cavity fluid in FAST Bilateral opacities in the lung field, Hemothorax, Hemoperitoneum, Ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm Intrathoracic, intra-abdominal, and retroperitoneal bleeding Not applicable Source of bleeding in the upper GI in EGD, Angiography -
Hemolysis[22][23] +/- - - - - - - - +/- - Thrombocytopenia, Microcytic hypochromic anemia, ↑RDW, ↑Retic count Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable ↑LDH, ↓Haptoglobin, ↑Unconjugated bilirubin Hepatomegaly,Splenomegaly Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable - -
Hepatorenal syndrome[24][25] +/- - - - +/- +/- - - +/- +/- Leukocytosis, ↑PT ↓GFR, ↑BUN, ↑Cr ↓Na Proteinuria, Na < 10 mEq/L, Urine osmolality > plasma osmolality Not applicable Alpha feto-protein, Cryoglobulinemia Exclude hydronephrosis and intrinsic renal disease Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Right ventricular preload, ventricular filling pressures, and cardiac function in echocardiography -
Ischemic cardiomyopathy[26][27] +/- - - - - - - +/- - +/- Anemia ↑Cr ↓Na, ↓K, ↓Mg Not applicable Not applicable Troponin, Creatine kinase, Creatine kinase - MB, BNP Not applicable Abnormal cardiac silhouette Biventricular volume, Wall motion abnormality, Myocardial perfusion, Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Mid-wall fibrosis in MRI Ejection fraction ≤35%, Pulmonary embolism, Right ventricular dilation or pericardial effusion with tamponade in echocardiography -
Liver cirrhosis[28][29] +/- - +/- +/- +/- - - - - +/- Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable LFT, Aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio, FibroTest/FibroSure, Hepascore, FibroSpectatio Portal blood flow velocity, Hepatic artery enlargement, Multifocal lesions or masses, Hepatic contour, Ascites, Splenomegaly Bowel perforation, Gynecomastia, Azygos vein enlargement, Pleural effusion Morphologic changes in the liver, Collaterals and shunts, Hyperattenuating nodule of hepatocellular carcinoma, Portal vein thrombosis Vacular patency, Tumor invasion, Portal vein thrombosis, Steatosis Hepatic function and portal hypertension in nuclear imaging, Hepatic perfusion and the development of shunts and tumors in angiography Irreversible and a transplant is usually needed
Malignant hypertension[30][31] +/- - + - - +/- - +/- - +/- Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia ↑BUN, ↑Cr ↑Na, ↑K, ↑P Proteinuria, Microscopic hematuria Acidosis Cardiac enzymes, Urinary catecholamines, TSH, ↑Renin Not applicable Cardiomegaly, Pulmonary edema, Rib notching, Aortic coarctation, Mediastinal widening, Aortic dissection Not applicable Not applicable Left atrial enlargement and left ventricular hypertrophy in echocardiography -
Etiology Fatigue/

Lethargy

Thirst Dizziness/

Confusion

Muscle weakness/

cramp

Somatic/

visceral pain

Vomiting Diarrhea Tachypnea Hematuria/

Proteinuria

Edema Blood indices Renal Funtion test Electrolytes Urine analysis ABG Other Ultrasound X-ray CT MRI Other Comments
Myocarditis[32] +/- - - - +/- - - +/- - - Leukocytosis (eosinophilia),↑ESR and CRP Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Cardiac enzymes, Viral antibodies Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Inflammatory edema, Degree of scarring Endomyocardial biopsy, Echocardiography, Scintigraphy Not applicable
Peritonitis[33][34] +/- - +/- - +/- +/- +/- - - - Leukocytosis Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Ascitic fluid neutrophil count > 500 cells/µL Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable - -
Polycythemia[35][36] +/- - - - - - - +/- - - ↑RBC, ↑HCT, ↑HGB, Thrombocytosis, Leukocytosis, ↑PT and aPTT ↓Erythropoietin Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Hyperuricemia Splenomegaly Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable - Phlebotomy is the usual treatment
Respiratory distress syndrome[37] + - +/- - - - - + - - Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Not applicable Metabolic and respiratory acidosis Pulse oximetry Not applicable Bilateral, diffuse, reticular granular or ground-glass appearance +/- Cardiomegaly Not applicable Not applicable Patent ductus arteriosus in echocardiography -
Shock[38] +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- +/- - +/- +/- - ↑HCT, ↑PT and aPTT, Eosinophilia, Leukocytosis ↓GFR, ↑BUN, ↑Cr Not applicable Not applicable ↑Lactate LFT, ↑BNP, ↑Troponin, D-dimer, Fibrinogen Pulmonary embolism, Pericardial effusion, Cardiac tamponade, Pneumothorax, Thoracic or abdominal aortic aneurysm in RUSH (Rapid Ultrasound for Shock and Hypotension) Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Pulmonary edema, Widened mediastinum, Free air under the diaphragm Traumatic brain injury, Stroke, Spinal injury, Pneumonia, Pneumothorax, Ruptured aneurysm, Aortic dissection, Pulmonary embolism Not applicable - -
Toxic megacolon[39] +/- +/- +/- - + + +/- - - - Leukocytosis, Anemia, ↑ESR and CRP ↑BUN, ↑Cr ↓Na Not applicable Not applicable Loss of haustra, Hypoechoic and thick bowel walls, Dilated colon > 6cm, Dilatation of ileal loops Dilated colon, Free intraperitoneal air Bowel perforation, Abscess Not applicable Not applicable Endoscopy and colonoscopy -
  1. ↑ Pletcher MJ, Maselli J, Gonzales R (December 2004). "Uncomplicated alcohol intoxication in the emergency department: an analysis of the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey". Am. J. Med. 117 (11): 863–7. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2004.07.042. PMID 15589492.
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