Renal tubular acidosis causes

Renal tubular acidosis Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Renal tubular acidosis from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Renal tubular acidosis causes On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Renal tubular acidosis causes All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Renal tubular acidosis causes
CDC on Renal tubular acidosis causes
Renal tubular acidosis causes in the news
Blogs on Renal tubular acidosis causes
Directions to Hospitals Treating Psoriasis
Risk calculators and risk factors for Renal tubular acidosis causes

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Causes

The following table summarizes the common primary and secondary causes of renal tubular acidosis.

	Primary Causes	Secondary Causes
Type 1	Idiopathic Familial Autosomal dominant Mainly due to mutations causing defects in the kidney anion exchanger [kAE1] in distal tubule intercalated cells. Autosomal recessive Mainly due to mutations causing defects in V-ATPase in distal tubule intercalated cells.	Autoimmune disorders Medications Ifosfamide Amphotericin B Lithium carbonate Ibuprofen Hypercalciuric conditions Hyperparathyroidism Vitamin D intoxication Sarcoidosis Idiopathic hypercalciuria Others
Type 2	Recessive  Proximal tubule cell sodium bicarbonate co-transporter (NBCe1) defect Carbonic anhydrase type 2 deficiency Cystinosis Tyrosinemia Hereditary fructose intolerance Galactosemia Glycogen storage disease (type I) Lowe syndrome	M-protein disorders Amyloidosis Multiple myeloma Medications Ifosfamide Tenofovir Acetazolamide Topiramate Aminoglycosides Heavy metals Lead Cadmium Mercury Copper Other Medullary sponge kidney Obstructive uropathy Renal transplant rejection Wilson disease
Type 4	Congenital hypoaldosteronism 21-hydroxylase deficiency Isolated hypoaldosteronism Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2 Primary adrenal insufficiency Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1	Angiotensin inhibitors, such as ACE inhibitors Angiotensin II receptor blockers Direct renin inhibitors Antibiotics, trimethoprim, and pentamidine Potassium-sparing diuretics Spironolactone Eplerenone Amiloride Triamterene

Genetic causes

Type of RTA		Gene	Gene location	Protein
Type 1 (distal) RTA	Autosomal recessive with deafness	ATP6V1B1	2p13	B1 subunit of H-ATPase
	Autosomal recessive without deafness	ATP6V0A4	7q33-q34	a4 subunit of H-ATPase
	Autosomal dominant	SLC4A1	17q21-q22	Chloride-bicarbonate exchanger
Type 2 (proximal) RTA	Autosomal recessive	SLC4A4	4q21	Sodium bicarbonate cotransporter
Type 3 (mixed) RTA	Autosomal recessive	Carbonic anhydrase II	8q22	Carbonic anhydrase II