Hypokalemia differential diagnosis

Hypokalemia Microchapters
Home
Patient Information
Overview
Historical Perspective
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Hypokalemia from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Natural History, Complications and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Algorithm
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Case Studies
Case #1
Hypokalemia differential diagnosis On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypokalemia differential diagnosis All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Hypokalemia differential diagnosis
CDC on Hypokalemia differential diagnosis
Hypokalemia differential diagnosis in the news
Blogs on Hypokalemia differential diagnosis
Directions to Hospitals Treating Hypokalemia
Risk calculators and risk factors for Hypokalemia differential diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Eiman Ghaffarpasand, M.D. [2]

Differentiating Causes of Hypokalemia

Differentiating the diseases that can cause hypokalemia is as following:

Diseases		Clinical manifestations								Para-clinical findings					Gold standard	Additional findings
		Symptoms					Physical examination
										Lab Findings			Imaging
		Fatigue	Fever	Urinary symptoms			Blood Pressure	Skin lesions	Edema	ABG	Urinalysis	Other	Ultrasonography	CT scan
				Polyuria	Oliguria	Nocturia
Renal and adrenal disorders	Bartter syndrome	+	-	+	-	+/-	Normal or ↓	-	-	Metabolic alkalosis	↑K, ↑Ca, ↑Cl	-	Normal			Mental retardation, Sensorineural hearing loss
	Gitelman syndrome	+	-	+	-	+	Normal	-	-	Metabolic alkalosis	↑K, ↓Ca, ↑Cl	-	Normal			Growth retardation, Tetany, Muscle cramp
	Liddle syndrome	-	-	+/-	-	-	↑	-	+/-	Metabolic alkalosis	↑K, ↓Na	↓PRA, ↓PAC				Pseudohyperaldosteronism
	Diuretic use	+/-	-	+	-	+/-	↓	-	+	Metabolic alkalosis	↑K	↑Na	Normal	Normal	History	-
	Hemodialysis	+/-	+/-	+/-	-	-	Normal	Pustular lesions	-	Metabolic alkalosis	Normal	↓Na	Normal	Normal	History	Carpal tunnel syndrome
	Primary hyperaldosteronism	+	-	+	-	+	↑	Facial flushing	-	Metabolic alkalosis	↑K, ↓Na	↓PRA, ↑PAC, ↓Na	Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia	Hypodense unilateral adrenal macroadenoma (>1 cm)	PAC:PRA ratio	Mood disturbance, Paresthesia, Muscle cramps
	Cushing syndrome	+	+/-	+/-	-	-	↑	Facial plethora, Purple striae	+	Metabolic alkalosis	Glucosuria	↑BS	Unilateral adrenal hyperplasia	-	Urinary free cortisol (24-hour)	Dorsicocervical fat pad, Obesity, Hirsutism
Gastrointestinal disorders	GI bleeding	+	-	-	+	-	↓
	Vomiting	+	-	-	+	-	↓
	Severe diarrhea	+	-	-	+	-	↓
	Villous adenoma	+	-	-	+	-	↓
	VIPoma	+	+/-	-	+	-	↓
Neuropsychiatric disorders	Hypokalemic periodic paralysis	+	-	-	-	+/-	Normal or ↓
	Central diabetes insipidus	+	-	+	-	+	Normal or ↓
	Bulimia nervosa	-	-	-	+/-	-	Normal or ↓
	Anorexia nervosa	+	-	-	+/-	-	↓
	Primary polydipsia	-	-	+	-	+	Normal
Systemic diseases	Hypothermia	-	-	-	+/-	-	Normal
	Alcoholism	+	+/-	+	-	+	Normal or ↓
	Diabetic ketoacidosis	+	+/-	+	-	+	↓
	Hypomagnesemia	+	-	-	+/-	-	Normal
	Burns	+/-	-	-	+	-	↓
	Cystic fibrosis	+/-	+/-	-	+/-	-	↓

References

Template:WH Template:WS