Hypercalcemia natural history, complications and prognosis: Difference between revisions
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{{Hypercalcemia}} | {{Hypercalcemia}} | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} | ||
==Overview== | |||
== Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis == | |||
== | === Natural History === | ||
* Mild hypercalcemia is usually asymptomatic and goes undetected in a large number of patients.<ref name=":0">Shane, Elizabeth & Irani, Dinaz. (2006). Chapter 26. Hypercalcemia: Pathogenesis, Clinical Manifestations, Differential Diagnosis, and Management. Primer on the metabolic bone diseases and disorders of mineral metabolism. </ref> | |||
* Hypercalcemia may present in any age group depending on etiology and severity and presents initially with concentration and sleep abnormalities. | |||
==Complications== | ===Complications=== | ||
Possible complications include: | Possible complications include:<ref name=":0" /> | ||
'''Gastrointestinal:''' | '''Gastrointestinal:''' | ||
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These complications of long-term hypercalcemia are uncommon today. | These complications of long-term hypercalcemia are uncommon today. | ||
=== Prognosis === | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 17:59, 13 June 2018
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Hypercalcemia Microchapters |
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Hypercalcemia On the Web |
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American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Hypercalcemia |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Natural History, Complications, and Prognosis
Natural History
- Mild hypercalcemia is usually asymptomatic and goes undetected in a large number of patients.[1]
- Hypercalcemia may present in any age group depending on etiology and severity and presents initially with concentration and sleep abnormalities.
Complications
Possible complications include:[1]
Gastrointestinal:
Kidney:
- Calcium deposits in the kidney (nephrocalcinosis)
- Dehydration
- High blood pressure
- Kidney failure
- Kidney stones
Psychological:
- Depression
- Difficulty concentrating or thinking
Skeletal:
- Bone cysts
- Fractures
- Osteoporosis
These complications of long-term hypercalcemia are uncommon today.