Abnormalities in micturition

Micturation Abnormalities Microchapters
Overview
Causes
Differential Diagnosis

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Abnormalities of Micturation Differential Diagnosis

Differentiating the diseases that can cause abnormality in micturation:

Abbreviations: N= Normal, UTI= Urinary tract infection, CBC= Complete blood count, CT= Computed tomography, IBS= Irritable bowel syndrome, DRE= Digital rectal examination,

Diseases			Clinical manifestations									Para-clinical findings						Gold standard	Additional findings
			Symptoms						Physical examination
												Lab Findings			Imaging
			Fever	Urinary symptoms					Supra-pubic tenderness	Skin lesions	Other	CBC	Electrolytes	Urinalysis	Ultrasonography	CT scan	Other
				Dysuria	Frequency	Dribbling	Hesitancy	Nocturia
Inflammatory	Dermatological disorders	Lichen sclerosus	–	+	–	–	+	–	–	Lichenified plaques	–	N	N	often shows UTI in women	N	N	N	Biopsy	constipation IBS
		Behcet's syndrome	–	+	+	–	+	+	–	Erythema Nodosum Papules Vesicles		N	N		N	N	N	None	Neurogenic bladder Genital apthous ulcers Recurrent cystitis Epididymitis Urethritis
	Infectious diseases	Cystitis	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	N		Leukopenia	N	Leukocyte esterase Ntrite
		Urethritis	+			-	+	-	+/-
		Pyelonephritis	+			-	+	-	+/-
		Vulvovaginitis	+			+	+	-	-
		Cervicitis	+			+/-	-	-	+
		Prostatitis	+/-			+	+	+	+
		Epididymoorchitis	+/-			+	+
Non-inflammatory	Anatomic	Urethral stricture
		Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)		+	+	+	+
	Drug	Spermicides
		Cyclophosphamide
	Endocrine disorders	Atrophic vaginitis
		Endometriosis
	Malignancy	Bladder cancer
		Vulvovaginal cancer
	Iatrogenic	Genitourinary instrumentation	+
		Pelvic irradiation
		Trauma	±