Interstitial nephritis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
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Any drug has potentiality to cause AIN, among case reports of many drugs causing AIN, but only a few have been reported with biopsy-proven AIN. The most common proven drugs cause of AIN include: | Any drug has potentiality to cause AIN, among case reports of many drugs causing AIN, but only a few have been reported with biopsy-proven AIN. The most common proven drugs cause of AIN include: | ||
* Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) | |||
* Penicillins and cephalosporins | |||
* Antimicrobial sulfonamides, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole | |||
* Rifampin | |||
* Diuretics, including loop diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide, and | |||
* thiazide-type diuretics | |||
* Ciprooxacin and, perhaps to a lesser degree, ● other quinolones | |||
* Cimetidine | |||
* Allopurinol | |||
* Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and lansoprazole | |||
* Indinavir | |||
* 5-aminosalicylates (eg, mesalamine) | |||
<big>'''Infections'''</big> | |||
bacterial infection (must be accompanied by obstruction or reflux),Multiple organisms have been associated with AIN including: | |||
A histologic variant of AIN that is characterized by granuloma formation has been associated with Mycobacterium, fungi (histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis), bacteria (Brucella, Chlamydia), spirochetes (Francisella, Treponema), and parasites | |||
(Leishmania, Toxoplasma) [30]. (See 'Histology' below.) | |||
Initial reports suggested that organisms such as Legionella, Leptospira, CMV, and Streptococcus primarily invaded organs remote from the kidney and exerted an inammatory response in the kidney without invading the kidney [28,29]. | |||
However, more recent reports describe the identication of organism-specic antigens or DNA in kidney proximal tubule cells of patients with AIN [27,31-33]. | |||
Legionella, | |||
Leptospira, | |||
cytomegalovirus (CMV) | |||
Streptococcus, | |||
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, | |||
Corynebacterium diphtheriae, | |||
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), | |||
Yersinia, | |||
polyomavirus, | |||
Enterococcus, | |||
Escherichia coli, | |||
adenovirus, | |||
Candida, and others | |||
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Revision as of 18:22, 29 June 2018
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Interstitial nephritis Microchapters |
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Risk calculators and risk factors for Interstitial nephritis causes |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohsen Basiri M.D.
Overview
Common causes of interstitial nephritis include drug side effects, particularly analgesics and antibiotics. Other common causes include associated nephrologic conditions, as well as microbial infections.
Causes
Drugs (with antibiotics responsible for 30 to 49 percent of these cases) – 70
to 75 percent
Any drug has potentiality to cause AIN, among case reports of many drugs causing AIN, but only a few have been reported with biopsy-proven AIN. The most common proven drugs cause of AIN include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)
- Penicillins and cephalosporins
- Antimicrobial sulfonamides, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- Rifampin
- Diuretics, including loop diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide, and
- thiazide-type diuretics
- Ciprooxacin and, perhaps to a lesser degree, ● other quinolones
- Cimetidine
- Allopurinol
- Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and lansoprazole
- Indinavir
- 5-aminosalicylates (eg, mesalamine)
Infections
bacterial infection (must be accompanied by obstruction or reflux),Multiple organisms have been associated with AIN including:
A histologic variant of AIN that is characterized by granuloma formation has been associated with Mycobacterium, fungi (histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis), bacteria (Brucella, Chlamydia), spirochetes (Francisella, Treponema), and parasites
(Leishmania, Toxoplasma) [30]. (See 'Histology' below.)
Initial reports suggested that organisms such as Legionella, Leptospira, CMV, and Streptococcus primarily invaded organs remote from the kidney and exerted an inammatory response in the kidney without invading the kidney [28,29].
However, more recent reports describe the identication of organism-specic antigens or DNA in kidney proximal tubule cells of patients with AIN [27,31-33].
Legionella,
Leptospira,
cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Streptococcus,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Corynebacterium diphtheriae,
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),
Yersinia,
polyomavirus,
Enterococcus,
Escherichia coli,
adenovirus,
Candida, and others