Hyperkalemia risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
The kidneys normally remove excess potassium from the body. Most cases of [[hyperkalemia]] are caused by disorders that reduce the kidneys' ability to get rid of potassium. | The kidneys normally remove excess potassium from the body. Most cases of [[hyperkalemia]] are caused by disorders that reduce the kidneys' ability to get rid of potassium. | ||
Common risk factors | |||
=== Common risk factors === | |||
* [[Acute kidney failure]] | * [[Acute kidney failure]] | ||
* [[Chronic kidney failure]] | * [[Chronic kidney failure]] | ||
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* Rejection of a [[kidney transplant]] | * Rejection of a [[kidney transplant]] | ||
* Addison's disease | * Addison's disease | ||
=== Less common risk factors- === | |||
* [[Burns]] | * [[Burns]] | ||
* Disorders that cause blood cells to burst ([[hemolytic conditions]]) | * Disorders that cause blood cells to burst ([[hemolytic conditions]]) | ||
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* Traumatic injury | * Traumatic injury | ||
* Tumors | * Tumors | ||
* Acidosis | |||
If the kidney is working properly, and there is enough aldosterone, tissue trauma alone rarely leads to hyperkalemia. A normally functioning kidney will remove the excess potassium that has been released from the cells. | If the kidney is working properly, and there is enough aldosterone, tissue trauma alone rarely leads to hyperkalemia. A normally functioning kidney will remove the excess potassium that has been released from the cells. | ||
Revision as of 21:17, 5 July 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-In-Chief: Priyamvada Singh, M.B.B.S. [2],Jogeet Singh Sekhon
Overview
The kidneys normally remove excess potassium from the body. Most cases of hyperkalemia are caused by disorders that reduce the kidneys' ability to get rid of potassium. This may result from disorders such as acute kidney failure, chronic kidney failure and glomerulonephritis.
Risk Factors
The kidneys normally remove excess potassium from the body. Most cases of hyperkalemia are caused by disorders that reduce the kidneys' ability to get rid of potassium.
Common risk factors
- Acute kidney failure
- Chronic kidney failure
- Glomerulonephritis
- Obstructive uropathy
- Rejection of a kidney transplant
- Addison's disease
Less common risk factors-
- Burns
- Disorders that cause blood cells to burst (hemolytic conditions)
- Gastrointestinal bleeding
- Rhabdomyolysis from drugs, alcoholism, coma, or certain infections
- Surgery
- Traumatic injury
- Tumors
- Acidosis
If the kidney is working properly, and there is enough aldosterone, tissue trauma alone rarely leads to hyperkalemia. A normally functioning kidney will remove the excess potassium that has been released from the cells.
Increased intake of potassium can cause hyperkalemia if kidney function is poor. Salt substitutes often contain potassium, as do many "low-salt" packaged foods.
Hyperkalemia may be caused by medications, including medications that affect kidney function (potassium sparing diuretics, such as spironolactone, amiloride, or triamterene) and potassium supplements (especially intravenous potassium).