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==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==
*In '''1844''', Dr. Samuel Solly reported the first case of multiple myeloma. He was a a surgeon working in St.Thomas hospital at London.<ref>Moehler T, Goldschmidt H. Multiple Myeloma. Springer Science & Business Media; 2011. https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3540857729 </ref><ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref> Dr. Solly treated patients with rhubard and orange peel.
*In '''1844''', Dr. Samuel Solly reported the first case of multiple myeloma. He was a a surgeon working in St. Thomas Hospital at London.<ref>Moehler T, Goldschmidt H. Multiple Myeloma. Springer Science & Business Media; 2011. https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3540857729 </ref><ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref> Dr. Solly treated patients with rhubard and orange peel.
*In '''1845''', abnormal urinary proteins were found to be associated with multiple myeloma. These were eventually coined as Bence Jones proteins. Dr. T. Watson treated patients with steel and quinine.
*In '''1845''', abnormal urinary proteins were found to be associated with multiple myeloma. These were eventually coined as Bence Jones proteins. Dr. T. Watson treated patients with steel and quinine.
*In '''1850''', Dr. Henry Bence Jones first described the Bence Jones protein and found it to be associated with multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid21509678">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Steensma DP| title=History of multiple myeloma. | journal=Recent Results Cancer Res | year= 2011 | volume= 183 | issue=  | pages= 3-23 | pmid=21509678 | doi=10.1007/978-3-540-85772-3_1 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21509678  }} </ref>
*In '''1850''', Dr. Henry Bence Jones first described the [[Bence Jones protein]] and found it to be associated with multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid21509678">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Steensma DP| title=History of multiple myeloma. | journal=Recent Results Cancer Res | year= 2011 | volume= 183 | issue=  | pages= 3-23 | pmid=21509678 | doi=10.1007/978-3-540-85772-3_1 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=21509678  }} </ref>
*In '''1895''', plasma cells were first described. It was later found that plasma cell proliferation was the cellular basis for multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1895''', [[plasma cells]] were first described. It was later found that [[plasma cell]] proliferation was the cellular basis for multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1928''', the first large case series of multiple myeloma patients was reported.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1928''', the first large case series of multiple myeloma patients was reported.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1939''', the monoclonal protein spike (M-spike) was described on protein electrophoresis. The M-spike was noted to be the gamma-globulin region.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1939''', the [[monoclonal protein]] spike (M-spike) was described on [[protein electrophoresis]]. The M-spike was noted to be the gamma-globulin region.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1947''', Dr. N. Alwall treated multiple myeloma patients with urethane.
*In '''1947''', Dr. N. Alwall treated multiple myeloma patients with [[urethane]].
*In '''1956''', light chains were recognized to be a component of multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1956''', light chains were recognized to be a component of multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In the '''1960s''', the chemotherapy agent [[melphalan]] was shown to improve overall survival in multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid27604794">{{cite journal| author=Hong J, Lee JH| title=Recent advances in multiple myeloma: a Korean perspective. | journal=Korean J Intern Med | year= 2016 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 820-34 | pmid=27604794 | doi=10.3904/kjim.2015.408 | pmc=5016289 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27604794  }} </ref>
*In the '''1960s''', the chemotherapy agent [[melphalan]] was shown to improve overall survival in multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid27604794">{{cite journal| author=Hong J, Lee JH| title=Recent advances in multiple myeloma: a Korean perspective. | journal=Korean J Intern Med | year= 2016 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 820-34 | pmid=27604794 | doi=10.3904/kjim.2015.408 | pmc=5016289 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27604794  }} </ref>
*In '''1958''', Dr. N. Blokhin first used melphalan as a chemotherapy agent to treat multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1958''', Dr. N. Blokhin first used [[melphalan]] as a [[chemotherapy]] agent to treat multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1961''', the use of thalidomide was prohibited since it was found to be associated with birth defects.<ref name="pmid27604794">{{cite journal| author=Hong J, Lee JH| title=Recent advances in multiple myeloma: a Korean perspective. | journal=Korean J Intern Med | year= 2016 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 820-34 | pmid=27604794 | doi=10.3904/kjim.2015.408 | pmc=5016289 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27604794  }} </ref>
*In '''1961''', the use of thalidomide was prohibited since it was found to be associated with birth defects.<ref name="pmid27604794">{{cite journal| author=Hong J, Lee JH| title=Recent advances in multiple myeloma: a Korean perspective. | journal=Korean J Intern Med | year= 2016 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 820-34 | pmid=27604794 | doi=10.3904/kjim.2015.408 | pmc=5016289 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27604794  }} </ref>
*In '''1962''', R.E. Maas demonstrated that corticosteroids could be used to treat multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1962''', R.E. Maas demonstrated that [[corticosteroids]] could be used to treat multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1975''', the Durie-Salmon staging system was developed.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1975''', the Durie-Salmon staging system was developed.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1983''', T.J. McElwain and R.L. Powles showed that autologous stem cell transplant could be used to treat multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In '''1983''', T.J. McElwain and R.L. Powles showed that [[autologous stem cell transplant]] could be used to treat multiple myeloma.<ref name="pmid18332230">{{cite journal| author=Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV| title=Multiple myeloma. | journal=Blood | year= 2008 | volume= 111 | issue= 6 | pages= 2962-72 | pmid=18332230 | doi=10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022 | pmc=2265446 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18332230  }} </ref>
*In the '''1990s''', it was shown that high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue led to improved patient outcomes.<ref name="pmid27604794">{{cite journal| author=Hong J, Lee JH| title=Recent advances in multiple myeloma: a Korean perspective. | journal=Korean J Intern Med | year= 2016 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 820-34 | pmid=27604794 | doi=10.3904/kjim.2015.408 | pmc=5016289 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27604794  }} </ref>
*In the '''1990s''', it was shown that high-dose therapy with [[autologous stem cell]] rescue led to improved patient outcomes.<ref name="pmid27604794">{{cite journal| author=Hong J, Lee JH| title=Recent advances in multiple myeloma: a Korean perspective. | journal=Korean J Intern Med | year= 2016 | volume= 31 | issue= 5 | pages= 820-34 | pmid=27604794 | doi=10.3904/kjim.2015.408 | pmc=5016289 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27604794  }} </ref>
*In '''1999''', Singhal and colleagues showed that thalidomide had a 32% response rate in a phase II clinical trial of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
*In '''1999''', Singhal and colleagues showed that [[thalidomide]] had a 32% response rate in a phase II clinical trial of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
*In '''2003''', the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
*In '''2003''', the [[proteasome inhibitor]] [[bortezomib]] was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
*In '''2014''', the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) revised the diagnostic criteria for active multiple myeloma to include bone marrow plasma cell burden > 60%, serum free light chain ratio > 100, and greater than 1 bony lesion on MRI.
*In '''2014''', the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) revised the diagnostic criteria for active multiple myeloma to include bone marrow [[plasma cell burden'' of 60% or greater, serum free light chain ratio of involved-to-uninvolved light chain of 100 or greater, and greater than 1 bony lesion on MRI measuring at least 5mm. The advent of the 2014 diagnostic criteria increased the proportion of patients diagnosed with active multiple myeloma.


== References ==
== References ==

Revision as of 02:03, 15 July 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2] Shyam Patel [3]

Overview

Multiple myeloma was first discovered by Dr. Samuel Solly, a surgeon working in St.Thomas hospital in London in 1844.[1]The Bence Jones protein was first discovered by Dr. Henry Bence Jones and found to be associated with multiple myeloma in 1850; And  the  term  “Bence  Jones  protein”  was  first  used  by Fleischer in 1880. PMID:29194778

Historical Perspective

  • In 1844, Dr. Samuel Solly reported the first case of multiple myeloma. He was a a surgeon working in St. Thomas Hospital at London.[2][3] Dr. Solly treated patients with rhubard and orange peel.
  • In 1845, abnormal urinary proteins were found to be associated with multiple myeloma. These were eventually coined as Bence Jones proteins. Dr. T. Watson treated patients with steel and quinine.
  • In 1850, Dr. Henry Bence Jones first described the Bence Jones protein and found it to be associated with multiple myeloma.[4]
  • In 1895, plasma cells were first described. It was later found that plasma cell proliferation was the cellular basis for multiple myeloma.[3]
  • In 1928, the first large case series of multiple myeloma patients was reported.[3]
  • In 1939, the monoclonal protein spike (M-spike) was described on protein electrophoresis. The M-spike was noted to be the gamma-globulin region.[3]
  • In 1947, Dr. N. Alwall treated multiple myeloma patients with urethane.
  • In 1956, light chains were recognized to be a component of multiple myeloma.[3]
  • In the 1960s, the chemotherapy agent melphalan was shown to improve overall survival in multiple myeloma.[5]
  • In 1958, Dr. N. Blokhin first used melphalan as a chemotherapy agent to treat multiple myeloma.[3]
  • In 1961, the use of thalidomide was prohibited since it was found to be associated with birth defects.[5]
  • In 1962, R.E. Maas demonstrated that corticosteroids could be used to treat multiple myeloma.[3]
  • In 1975, the Durie-Salmon staging system was developed.[3]
  • In 1983, T.J. McElwain and R.L. Powles showed that autologous stem cell transplant could be used to treat multiple myeloma.[3]
  • In the 1990s, it was shown that high-dose therapy with autologous stem cell rescue led to improved patient outcomes.[5]
  • In 1999, Singhal and colleagues showed that thalidomide had a 32% response rate in a phase II clinical trial of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
  • In 2003, the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of multiple myeloma.
  • In 2014, the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG) revised the diagnostic criteria for active multiple myeloma to include bone marrow [[plasma cell burden of 60% or greater, serum free light chain ratio of involved-to-uninvolved light chain of 100 or greater, and greater than 1 bony lesion on MRI measuring at least 5mm. The advent of the 2014 diagnostic criteria increased the proportion of patients diagnosed with active multiple myeloma.

References

  1. ↑ Moehler T, Goldschmidt H. Multiple Myeloma. Springer Science & Business Media; 2011. https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3540857729
  2. ↑ Moehler T, Goldschmidt H. Multiple Myeloma. Springer Science & Business Media; 2011. https://books.google.com/books?isbn=3540857729
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 Kyle RA, Rajkumar SV (2008). "Multiple myeloma". Blood. 111 (6): 2962–72. doi:10.1182/blood-2007-10-078022. PMC 2265446. PMID 18332230.
  4. ↑ Kyle RA, Steensma DP (2011). "History of multiple myeloma". Recent Results Cancer Res. 183: 3–23. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-85772-3_1. PMID 21509678.
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Hong J, Lee JH (2016). "Recent advances in multiple myeloma: a Korean perspective". Korean J Intern Med. 31 (5): 820–34. doi:10.3904/kjim.2015.408. PMC 5016289. PMID 27604794.


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