Interstitial nephritis causes: Difference between revisions
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==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
===Drugs === | ===Drugs === | ||
* 70 to 75 percent (with antibiotics responsible for 30 to 49 percent of these cases) | * 70 to 75 percent (with antibiotics responsible for 30 to 49 percent of these cases)<ref name="BakerPusey2004">{{cite journal|last1=Baker|first1=R. J.|last2=Pusey|first2=C. D.|title=The changing profile of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis|journal=Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation|volume=19|issue=1|year=2004|pages=8–11|issn=0931-0509|doi=10.1093/ndt/gfg464}}</ref> | ||
* Any drug has potentiality to cause AIN, among case reports of many drugs causing AIN, but only a few have been reported with biopsy-proven AIN. The most common proven drugs cause of AIN include: | |||
* Any drug has the potentiality to cause AIN, among case reports of many drugs causing AIN, but only a few have been reported with biopsy-proven AIN. The most common proven drugs cause of AIN include: | |||
* Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) | * Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) | ||
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* Diuretics, including loop diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide, and | * Diuretics, including loop diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide, and | ||
* Thiazide-type diuretics | * Thiazide-type diuretics | ||
* | * Ciprofloxacin and, perhaps to a lesser degree, ● other quinolones | ||
* Cimetidine | * Cimetidine | ||
* Allopurinol | * Allopurinol | ||
Revision as of 00:26, 27 July 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohsen Basiri M.D.
Overview
Common causes of interstitial nephritis include drug side effects, particularly analgesics and antibiotics. Other common causes include associated nephrologic conditions, as well as microbial infections.
Causes
Drugs
- 70 to 75 percent (with antibiotics responsible for 30 to 49 percent of these cases)[1]
- Any drug has the potentiality to cause AIN, among case reports of many drugs causing AIN, but only a few have been reported with biopsy-proven AIN. The most common proven drugs cause of AIN include:
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs)
- Penicillins and cephalosporins
- Antimicrobial sulfonamides, including trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole
- Rifampin
- Diuretics, including loop diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide, and
- Thiazide-type diuretics
- Ciprofloxacin and, perhaps to a lesser degree, ● other quinolones
- Cimetidine
- Allopurinol
- Proton pump inhibitors such as omeprazole and lansoprazole
- Indinavir
- 5-aminosalicylates (eg, mesalamine)
Infections
Multiple organisms may cause TIN including bacterial viral fungal parasitic infections.
Bacteria
- Legionella,
- Leptospira,
- Streptococcus,
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Yersinia,
- Enterococcus
- Escherichia coli
Virus
- Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV),
- Aolyomavirus,
- Adenovirus,
- Candida
parasites
- Leishmania
- Toxoplasma
Immunologic diseases
- Sarcoidosis
- SLE,
- Sjögren's syndrome
Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome – 5 to 10 percent
Less Common Causes
Less common causes of TIN include:
- Heavy metals (eg, lead, cadmium, mercury)
- Obstructive uropathy, nephrolithiasis, reflux disease
- Neoplasia (eg, myeloma, leukemia, amyloidosis)
- Metabolic diseases (eg, hypercalcemia, cystinosis, potassium depletion, hyperoxaluria)
Causes in Alphabetical Order
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3References
- ↑ Baker, R. J.; Pusey, C. D. (2004). "The changing profile of acute tubulointerstitial nephritis". Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 19 (1): 8–11. doi:10.1093/ndt/gfg464. ISSN 0931-0509.