Abnormalities in micturition: Difference between revisions
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! colspan="3" rowspan="5" |Diseases | ! colspan="3" rowspan="5" |Diseases | ||
| colspan="9" |'''Clinical manifestations''' | | colspan="9" |'''Clinical manifestations''' | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="4" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Para-clinical findings | ||
| colspan="1" rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Gold standard''' | | colspan="1" rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |'''Gold standard''' | ||
! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings | ! rowspan="5" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Additional findings | ||
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! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical examination | ! colspan="3" rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Physical examination | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=" | ! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Lab Findings | ||
! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging | ! colspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Imaging | ||
|- | |- | ||
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! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other | ! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other | ||
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CBC | ! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CBC | ||
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Urinalysis | ! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Urinalysis | ||
! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ultrasonography | ! rowspan="2" style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ultrasonography | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Lichenified plaques | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Lichenified plaques | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |often shows UTI in women | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |often shows UTI in women | ||
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* [[Vesicles]] | * [[Vesicles]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aphthous ulcer|aphthous]] [[ulcer]] in mouth | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Aphthous ulcer|aphthous]] [[ulcer]] in mouth | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |– | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukopenia]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | ||
* [[WBC]] | * [[WBC]] | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Urgency | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Urgency | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | ||
* [[WBC]] | * [[WBC]] | ||
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CBC | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CBC | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Urinalysis | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Urinalysis | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ultrasonography | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ultrasonography | ||
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* [[Candida]] thrus<nowiki/>h | * [[Candida]] thrus<nowiki/>h | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Thick white discharge | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Thick white discharge | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Thick yellow green pus | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Thick yellow green pus | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[WBC]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[WBC]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N or show [[PID]] like feature | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N or show [[PID]] like feature | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Tender prostate | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Tender prostate | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | ||
* [[WBC]] | * [[WBC]] | ||
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* [[Prehn's sign]] | * [[Prehn's sign]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Leukocytosis]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[WBC]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[WBC]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |– | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RBCs]] | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[RBCs]] | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |– | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Enlarged and smooth prostate on DRE | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Enlarged and smooth prostate on DRE | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |May have UTI like picture on some occassion | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |May have UTI like picture on some occassion | ||
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! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Other | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CBC | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |CBC | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Urinalysis | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Urinalysis | ||
! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ultrasonography | ! style="background: #4479BA; color: #FFFFFF; text-align: center;" |Ultrasonography | ||
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* [[Excoriation]] marks | * [[Excoriation]] marks | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Vaginal discharge | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Vaginal discharge | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
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* [[Dyspareunia]] | * [[Dyspareunia]] | ||
* [[Dyschezia]] | * [[Dyschezia]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
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! rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |[[Malignancy]] | ! rowspan="2" style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |[[Malignancy]] | ||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |[[Bladder cancer]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |[[Bladder cancer]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | + | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |– | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hematuria]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Anemia]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Hematuria]] | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |Nodal involvement in the pelvis or retroperitoneum, visceral, pulmonary, or osseous metastasis | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |[[Cystoscopy]] and biopsy | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |[[Vulvovaginal disorders|Vulvovaginal cancer]] | | style="background: #DCDCDC; text-align: center;" |[[Vulvovaginal disorders|Vulvovaginal cancer]]<ref name="KimShinagare2013">{{cite journal|last1=Kim|first1=Kyung Won|last2=Shinagare|first2=Atul B.|last3=Krajewski|first3=Katherine M.|last4=Howard|first4=Stephanie A.|last5=Jagannathan|first5=Jyothi P.|last6=Zukotynski|first6=Katherine|last7=Ramaiya|first7=Nikhil H.|title=Update on Imaging of Vulvar Squamous Cell Carcinoma|journal=American Journal of Roentgenology|volume=201|issue=1|year=2013|pages=W147–W157|issn=0361-803X|doi=10.2214/AJR.12.9594}}</ref> | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |± | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |± | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |± | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" | | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | * Edematous vulva | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | * Lesion on the inner edges of vulva | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |– | ||
| | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |N | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" |When infected, | |||
* [[WBC]] | |||
* [[Leukocyte esterase]] | |||
* [[Nitrite|Ntrite]] | |||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | ||
| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="center" | | ||
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| style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |– | | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" align="left" |– | ||
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Revision as of 21:23, 25 July 2018
Micturation Abnormalities Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Overview
Classification
- There is no established system for the classification of abnormalities in micturition.
Causes
- The causes of abnormalities in micturition includes causes of dysuria and incontinence:
Abnormalities of Micturition Differential Diagnosis
Differentiating the diseases that can cause abnormality in micturition:
Abbreviations: N= Normal, UTI= Urinary tract infection, CBC= Complete blood count, CT= Computed tomography, IBS= Irritable bowel syndrome, DRE= Digital rectal examination, HSV= Herpes simplex virus,
Diseases | Clinical manifestations | Para-clinical findings | Gold standard | Additional findings | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Symptoms | Physical examination | ||||||||||||||||
Lab Findings | Imaging | ||||||||||||||||
Fever | Urinary symptoms | Supra-pubic tenderness | Skin lesions | Other | CBC | Urinalysis | Ultrasonography | CT scan | |||||||||
Dysuria | Frequency | Dribbling | Hesitancy | Nocturia | |||||||||||||
Inflammatory | Dermatological disorders | Lichen sclerosus[1] | – | + | – | – | + | – | – | Lichenified plaques | – | N | often shows UTI in women | N | N | Biopsy | |
Behcet's syndrome[2][3][4] | – | + | + | – | + | + | – | aphthous ulcer in mouth | N | N | N | N | None |
| |||
Infectious diseases | Cystitis[5][6] | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | N | – | Leukopenia |
|
|
Urine culture to sensitivity | N | ||
Urethritis[7][8][9] | + | + | + | – | + | – | + |
|
– | Leukocytosis | N | N | N | Urethral swab for culture, NAAT | N | ||
Pyelonephritis[10][11] | + | + | + | – | – | + | ± | N | Urgency | Leukocytosis |
|
||||||
Diseases | Fever | Dysuria | Frequency | Dribbling | Hesitancy | Nocturia | Suprapubic tenderness | Skin lesions | Other | CBC | Urinalysis | Ultrasonography | CT scan | Gold standard | Additional findings | ||
Vulvovaginitis[12] | ± | + | + | + | + | – | – |
|
Thick white discharge | N | N | N | N | Microbiological diagnosis
|
|||
Cervicitis | + | ± | + | ± | – | – | + |
|
Thick yellow green pus | Leukocytosis | WBC | N or show PID like feature | N or show PID like feature | Culture of vaginal discharge | NAAT for gonocooccal cervicitis | ||
Prostatitis | + | + | + | + | + | + | ± | – | Tender prostate | Leukocytosis | N | N | Urine culture | Prostate massage for chronic prostatits leads to raised leukocytes in urine | |||
Epididymoorchitis[13] | ± | + | + | + | – | – | – | – |
|
Leukocytosis | WBC | N | N | Urine culture |
| ||
Non-inflammatory | Anatomic | Urethral stricture | – | + | ± | + | – | – | – | – | – | N | RBCs | Post void residual; volume is high | – | Retrograde urethrogrsm+cytsoscopy(urodynamic studies) | |
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)[14] | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | Enlarged and smooth prostate on DRE | N | May have UTI like picture on some occassion | Enlarged prostate | – | TURP is gold standard treatment | |||
Diseases | Fever | Dysuria | Frequency | Dribbling | Hesitancy | Nocturia | Suprapubic tenderness | Skin lesions | Other | CBC | Urinalysis | Ultrasonography | CT scan | Gold standard | Additional findings | ||
Gynecological | Atrophic vaginitis[15] | – | + | + | ± | ± | + | – |
|
Vaginal discharge | N | N | Thinning of endometrium | N | Clinical exam | ||
Endometriosis | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | N | N | Cystic masses attached to adnexa | Cysts | Laparoscopy | ||||
Malignancy | Bladder cancer | – | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | Hematuria | Anemia | Hematuria | N | Nodal involvement in the pelvis or retroperitoneum, visceral, pulmonary, or osseous metastasis | Cystoscopy and biopsy | ||
Vulvovaginal cancer[16] | – | ± | ± | ± | – | – | – |
|
– | N | When infected, | ||||||
Iatrogenic | Genitourinary instrumentation | + | – | ||||||||||||||
Pelvic irradiation | – | – | |||||||||||||||
Trauma | ± | ± |
References
- ↑ Ventolini G, Patel R, Vasquez R (2015). "Lichen sclerosus: a potpourri of misdiagnosed cases based on atypical clinical presentations". Int J Womens Health. 7: 511–5. doi:10.2147/IJWH.S82879. PMC 4431497. PMID 26056492.
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