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__NOTOC__
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{{Multiple myeloma}}
{{Multiple myeloma}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{HL}}
{{CMG}} {{AE}}{{HL}} {{shyam}}


==Overview==
==Overview==
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The most common symptoms of multiple myeloma include [[bone pain]], [[pallor]], and [[fatigue]].<ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref> However, the presenting symptoms of multiple myeloma may vary greatly due to involvement of many organ systems. The common symptoms of multiple myeloma can be remembered by the [[mnemonic]] ''CRAB'' - C = Calcium (elevated), R = [[Renal failure]], A = [[Anemia]], B = Bone lesions.<ref name="IMWG">International Myeloma Working Group. ''Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group.'' Br J Haematol 2003;121:749-57. PMID 12780789.</ref><ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref>
The most common symptoms of multiple myeloma include [[bone pain]], [[pallor]], and [[fatigue]].<ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref> However, the presenting symptoms of multiple myeloma may vary greatly due to involvement of many organ systems. The common symptoms of multiple myeloma can be remembered by the [[mnemonic]] ''CRAB'' - C = Calcium (elevated), R = [[Renal failure]], A = [[Anemia]], B = Bone lesions.<ref name="IMWG">International Myeloma Working Group. ''Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group.'' Br J Haematol 2003;121:749-57. PMID 12780789.</ref><ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref>


==History==
==History and Symptoms==
* When evaluating a patient for multiple myeloma, you should take a detailed history of the presenting symptom (duration, onset, progression), other associated symptoms, and a thorough medication review. Other specific areas of focus when obtaining the history are outlined below:<ref>Multiple myeloma. MedlinePlus (2015)http://www.wikidoc.org/index.php?title=Multiple_myeloma_risk_factors&action=edit&section=2 Accessed on Septmeber, 20th 2015 </ref>
Relevant history includes:
**Review past medical history for other [[plasma cell]] diseases
*Review of past medical history for other [[plasma cell]] diseases, hematologic malignancies, or underlying renal disease
**Review family history for members with positive history of the disease
*Review of family history for members with positive history of hematologic malignancies
**Review occupational history related to farming or oil industry
*Review of occupational history related to farming, oil industry, or Agent Orange exposure
**Review any exposure to [[radiation]] or toxic chemicals


==Common Symptoms==
History includes character, location, onset, and duration of pain. Symptoms of multiple myeloma include:<ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="pmid24614435">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reisenbuckler C |title=Multiple myeloma and diagnostic imaging |journal=Radiol Technol |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=391–410; quiz 411–3 |date=2014 |pmid=24614435 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26294217">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Tsilimidos G, Tsagianni A, Tseliou M, Dimopoulos MA, Psaltopoulou T |title=Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses |journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=563–77.e1–3 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26294217 |doi=10.1016/j.clml.2015.06.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24130968">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eslick R, Talaulikar D |title=Multiple myeloma: from diagnosis to treatment |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=42 |issue=10 |pages=684–8 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24130968 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
Symptoms of multiple myeloma include:<ref name="wiki">Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="canada">Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015</ref><ref name="gov">Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015</ref><ref name="pmid24614435">{{cite journal |vauthors=Reisenbuckler C |title=Multiple myeloma and diagnostic imaging |journal=Radiol Technol |volume=85 |issue=4 |pages=391–410; quiz 411–3 |date=2014 |pmid=24614435 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid26294217">{{cite journal |vauthors=Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Tsilimidos G, Tsagianni A, Tseliou M, Dimopoulos MA, Psaltopoulou T |title=Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses |journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk |volume=15 |issue=10 |pages=563–77.e1–3 |date=October 2015 |pmid=26294217 |doi=10.1016/j.clml.2015.06.003 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid24130968">{{cite journal |vauthors=Eslick R, Talaulikar D |title=Multiple myeloma: from diagnosis to treatment |journal=Aust Fam Physician |volume=42 |issue=10 |pages=684–8 |date=October 2013 |pmid=24130968 |doi= |url=}}</ref>


:*[[Bone pain]]
:*[[Bone pain]]
::*Usually involves the spine and ribs, and worsens with activity
::*Usually involves the spine and ribs (axial skeleton), and worsens with activity
::*Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological [[bone fracture]]
::*Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological [[bone fracture]]
:*Neurological symptoms
:*Neurological symptoms
::*[[Numbness]]
::*[[Numbness]]
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::*[[Nausea]] and vomiting
::*[[Nausea]] and vomiting
::*Lethargy
::*Lethargy
:*Bone marrow failure related symptoms
:*Bone marrow failure related symptoms
::*Easy bruising, nosebleeds, bleeding gums due to [[thrombocytopenia]]
::*Easy bruising, nosebleeds, bleeding gums due to [[thrombocytopenia]]
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[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Hematology]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Types of cancer]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Up-To-Date]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Oncology]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Medicine]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurology]]
[[Category:Neurosurgery]]
[[Category:Neurosurgery]]

Revision as of 06:33, 11 August 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2] Shyam Patel [3]

Overview

The most common symptoms of multiple myeloma include bone pain, pallor, and fatigue.[1][2][3] However, the presenting symptoms of multiple myeloma may vary greatly due to involvement of many organ systems. The common symptoms of multiple myeloma can be remembered by the mnemonic CRAB - C = Calcium (elevated), R = Renal failure, A = Anemia, B = Bone lesions.[4][2][3]

History and Symptoms

Relevant history includes:

  • Review of past medical history for other plasma cell diseases, hematologic malignancies, or underlying renal disease
  • Review of family history for members with positive history of hematologic malignancies
  • Review of occupational history related to farming, oil industry, or Agent Orange exposure

History includes character, location, onset, and duration of pain. Symptoms of multiple myeloma include:[1][2][3][5][6][7]

  • Usually involves the spine and ribs (axial skeleton), and worsens with activity
  • Persistent localized pain may indicate a pathological bone fracture
  • Neurological symptoms
  • Bone marrow failure related symptoms
  • Easy bruising, nosebleeds, bleeding gums due to thrombocytopenia
  • Fatigue, weakness, shortness of breath, dizziness and paleness due to anemia
  • Recurrent infections due to decreased white blood cell count.
  • Lower limb edema due to renal involvement

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Multiple myeloma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiple_myeloma#Signs_and_symptoms Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Multiple myeloma. Canadian Cancer Society (2015) http://www.cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-type/multiple-myeloma/signs-and-symptoms/?region=mb Accessed on September 20th 2015
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Multiple myeloma. Cancer. gov(2015) http://www.cancer.gov/types/myeloma Accessed on September, 20th 2015
  4. ↑ International Myeloma Working Group. Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group. Br J Haematol 2003;121:749-57. PMID 12780789.
  5. ↑ Reisenbuckler C (2014). "Multiple myeloma and diagnostic imaging". Radiol Technol. 85 (4): 391–410, quiz 411–3. PMID 24614435.
  6. ↑ Sergentanis TN, Zagouri F, Tsilimidos G, Tsagianni A, Tseliou M, Dimopoulos MA, Psaltopoulou T (October 2015). "Risk Factors for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses". Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 15 (10): 563–77.e1–3. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2015.06.003. PMID 26294217.
  7. ↑ Eslick R, Talaulikar D (October 2013). "Multiple myeloma: from diagnosis to treatment". Aust Fam Physician. 42 (10): 684–8. PMID 24130968.


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