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==Laboratory Findings==
==Laboratory Findings==


There are no diagnostic laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy according to the common causes of it, include:


OR
Tests for diagnosis the [[endocrine]] and [[metabolic Diseases]] which may cause peripheral neuropathy include:<ref name="pmid25654063">{{cite journal| author=Yu J| title=Endocrine disorders and the neurologic manifestations. | journal=Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab | year= 2014 | volume= 19 | issue= 4 | pages= 184-90 | pmid=25654063 | doi=10.6065/apem.2014.19.4.184 | pmc=4316409 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25654063  }} </ref><ref name="pmid23929529">{{cite journal| author=Callaghan B, Feldman E| title=The metabolic syndrome and neuropathy: therapeutic challenges and opportunities. | journal=Ann Neurol | year= 2013 | volume= 74 | issue= 3 | pages= 397-403 | pmid=23929529 | doi=10.1002/ana.23986 | pmc=3881591 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23929529  }} </ref>
[[Blood glucose]], [[HbA1c]]
[[Thyroid function tests]]
[[BUN]]
[[Creatinine]}
[[serum calcium]], [[K]], [[Na]],[[CL]]


An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
Tests for diagnosis the [[Nutritional Diseases]] and [[vitamin deficiencies]] which may cause peripheral neuropathy include:<ref name="pmid23642720">{{cite journal| author=Hammond N, Wang Y, Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ| title=Nutritional neuropathies. | journal=Neurol Clin | year= 2013 | volume= 31 | issue= 2 | pages= 477-89 | pmid=23642720 | doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2013.02.002 | pmc=4199287 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23642720  }} </ref><ref name="pmid17324726">{{cite journal| author=Kumar N| title=Nutritional neuropathies. | journal=Neurol Clin | year= 2007 | volume= 25 | issue= 1 | pages= 209-55 | pmid=17324726 | doi=10.1016/j.ncl.2006.11.001 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17324726  }} </ref><ref name="pmid22970351">{{cite journal| author=Becker DA, Balcer LJ, Galetta SL| title=The Neurological Complications of Nutritional Deficiency following Bariatric Surgery. | journal=J Obes | year= 2012 | volume= 2012 | issue=  | pages= 608534 | pmid=22970351 | doi=10.1155/2012/608534 | pmc=3432875 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22970351  }} </ref>
*CBC; serum B12
*Plasma B6
*Plasma B6
*Blood B1
*Serum vitamin E
*Serum folate


OR
Tests for diagnosis the [[heavy Metal]] toxicities which may cause peripheral neuropathy include:<ref name="pmid25184144">{{cite journal| author=Sharma B, Singh S, Siddiqi NJ| title=Biomedical implications of heavy metals induced imbalances in redox systems. | journal=Biomed Res Int | year= 2014 | volume= 2014 | issue=  | pages= 640754 | pmid=25184144 | doi=10.1155/2014/640754 | pmc=4145541 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25184144  }} </ref>
*[[Lead]]
*Arsenic
*Mercury
*24-hour urine heavy metals panel


[Test] is usually normal among patients with [disease name].
Tests for diagnosis the diseases which produce [[autoantibodies]] against [[peripheral nerves]] such as [[Guillain-Barré syndrome]] and [[chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy]] and [[eaton lambert]] disease:<ref name="pmid8862128">{{cite journal| author=Yuki N, Tagawa Y, Handa S| title=Autoantibodies to peripheral nerve glycosphingolipids SPG, SLPG, and SGPG in Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy. | journal=J Neuroimmunol | year= 1996 | volume= 70 | issue= 1 | pages= 1-6 | pmid=8862128 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8862128  }} </ref><ref name="pmid1645944">{{cite journal| author=Leys K, Lang B, Johnston I, Newsom-Davis J| title=Calcium channel autoantibodies in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. | journal=Ann Neurol | year= 1991 | volume= 29 | issue= 3 | pages= 307-14 | pmid=1645944 | doi=10.1002/ana.410290313 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=1645944  }} </ref>
*[[Calcium channel]] [[autoantibodies]] to rule out [[eaton lambert]] disease
*Anti acidic glycosphingolipids sialosyl paragloboside antibodies
*Anti sialosyl lactosaminyl paragloboside antibodies
*Anti sulfated glucuronyl paragloboside antibodies


OR
Rheumatologic, Autoimmune, and Vasculitic Disease:<ref name="pmid25299283">{{cite journal| author=Staff NP, Windebank AJ| title=Peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin deficiency, toxins, and medications. | journal=Continuum (Minneap Minn) | year= 2014 | volume= 20 | issue= 5 Peripheral Nervous System Disorders | pages= 1293-306 | pmid=25299283 | doi=10.1212/01.CON.0000455880.06675.5a | pmc=4208100 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25299283  }} </ref>


Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include:
*[[ANA]], [[dsDNA antibodies]]
*[Abnormal test 1]
*[[Cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody]], [[rheumatoid factor]]
*[Abnormal test 2]
*[[Anti neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody]]
*[Abnormal test 3]
*[[Myeloperoxidase]] antibody
*[[Cryoglobulins]]
*[[Hepatitis B]] and [[C]] serology
*[[Parvovirus]] serology
*[[HIV-1]] serology
*[[Proteinase 3 antibody]]
*[[Mitochondrial antibody]]
*SS-A/Ro antibody, SS-B/La antibody
*[[Thyroid peroxidase antibody]]
*Kappa/lambda light chains and free with ratio in serum


OR
Tests for diagnosis the other common causes of peripheral neuropathy include:
 
*[[Nerve biopsies]]<ref name="pmid22192700">{{cite journal| author=Weis J, Brandner S, Lammens M, Sommer C, Vallat JM| title=Processing of nerve biopsies: a practical guide for neuropathologists. | journal=Clin Neuropathol | year= 2012 | volume= 31 | issue= 1 | pages= 7-23 | pmid=22192700 | doi= | pmc=3663462 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22192700  }} </ref>
Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].
*[[Liver function tests]]<ref name="pmid25506162">{{cite journal| author=Jain J, Singh R, Banait S, Verma N, Waghmare S| title=Magnitude of peripheral neuropathy in cirrhosis of liver patients from central rural India. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2014 | volume= 17 | issue= 4 | pages= 409-15 | pmid=25506162 | doi=10.4103/0972-2327.144012 | pmc=4251014 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25506162  }} </ref>
*[[Renal function tests]]<ref name="pmid27867500">{{cite journal| author=Arnold R, Issar T, Krishnan AV, Pussell BA| title=Neurological complications in chronic kidney disease. | journal=JRSM Cardiovasc Dis | year= 2016 | volume= 5 | issue=  | pages= 2048004016677687 | pmid=27867500 | doi=10.1177/2048004016677687 | pmc=5102165 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=27867500  }} </ref>
*AIP (a urine [[porphobilinogen]])<ref name="pmid20844651">{{cite journal| author=Ghosh S, Chaudhury PK, Goswami HK| title=An analysis of six cases of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP). | journal=Indian J Psychiatry | year= 2006 | volume= 48 | issue= 3 | pages= 189-92 | pmid=20844651 | doi=10.4103/0019-5545.31584 | pmc=2932991 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20844651  }} </ref>
*[[Serum]] [[drugs]] level<ref name="pmid19893645">{{cite journal| author=Misra UK, Kalita J, Nair PP| title=Diagnostic approach to peripheral neuropathy. | journal=Ann Indian Acad Neurol | year= 2008 | volume= 11 | issue= 2 | pages= 89-97 | pmid=19893645 | doi=10.4103/0972-2327.41875 | pmc=2771953 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19893645  }} </ref><ref name="pmid219931">{{cite journal| author=Argov Z, Mastaglia FL| title=Drug-induced peripheral neuropathies. | journal=Br Med J | year= 1979 | volume= 1 | issue= 6164 | pages= 663-6 | pmid=219931 | doi= | pmc=1598252 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=219931  }} </ref>
*[[Bone marrow biopsy]]<ref name="pmid26821540">{{cite journal| author=Rison RA, Beydoun SR| title=Paraproteinemic neuropathy: a practical review. | journal=BMC Neurol | year= 2016 | volume= 16 | issue=  | pages= 13 | pmid=26821540 | doi=10.1186/s12883-016-0532-4 | pmc=4731930 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=26821540  }} </ref>


==References==
==References==

Revision as of 16:31, 29 August 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

Laboratory Findings

Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy according to the common causes of it, include:

Tests for diagnosis the endocrine and metabolic Diseases which may cause peripheral neuropathy include:[1][2] Blood glucose, HbA1c Thyroid function tests BUN [[Creatinine]} serum calcium, K, Na,CL

Tests for diagnosis the Nutritional Diseases and vitamin deficiencies which may cause peripheral neuropathy include:[3][4][5]

  • CBC; serum B12
  • Plasma B6
  • Plasma B6
  • Blood B1
  • Serum vitamin E
  • Serum folate

Tests for diagnosis the heavy Metal toxicities which may cause peripheral neuropathy include:[6]

  • Lead
  • Arsenic
  • Mercury
  • 24-hour urine heavy metals panel

Tests for diagnosis the diseases which produce autoantibodies against peripheral nerves such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy and eaton lambert disease:[7][8]

  • Calcium channel autoantibodies to rule out eaton lambert disease
  • Anti acidic glycosphingolipids sialosyl paragloboside antibodies
  • Anti sialosyl lactosaminyl paragloboside antibodies
  • Anti sulfated glucuronyl paragloboside antibodies

Rheumatologic, Autoimmune, and Vasculitic Disease:[9]

Tests for diagnosis the other common causes of peripheral neuropathy include:

References

  1. ↑ Yu J (2014). "Endocrine disorders and the neurologic manifestations". Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 19 (4): 184–90. doi:10.6065/apem.2014.19.4.184. PMC 4316409. PMID 25654063.
  2. ↑ Callaghan B, Feldman E (2013). "The metabolic syndrome and neuropathy: therapeutic challenges and opportunities". Ann Neurol. 74 (3): 397–403. doi:10.1002/ana.23986. PMC 3881591. PMID 23929529.
  3. ↑ Hammond N, Wang Y, Dimachkie MM, Barohn RJ (2013). "Nutritional neuropathies". Neurol Clin. 31 (2): 477–89. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2013.02.002. PMC 4199287. PMID 23642720.
  4. ↑ Kumar N (2007). "Nutritional neuropathies". Neurol Clin. 25 (1): 209–55. doi:10.1016/j.ncl.2006.11.001. PMID 17324726.
  5. ↑ Becker DA, Balcer LJ, Galetta SL (2012). "The Neurological Complications of Nutritional Deficiency following Bariatric Surgery". J Obes. 2012: 608534. doi:10.1155/2012/608534. PMC 3432875. PMID 22970351.
  6. ↑ Sharma B, Singh S, Siddiqi NJ (2014). "Biomedical implications of heavy metals induced imbalances in redox systems". Biomed Res Int. 2014: 640754. doi:10.1155/2014/640754. PMC 4145541. PMID 25184144.
  7. ↑ Yuki N, Tagawa Y, Handa S (1996). "Autoantibodies to peripheral nerve glycosphingolipids SPG, SLPG, and SGPG in Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy". J Neuroimmunol. 70 (1): 1–6. PMID 8862128.
  8. ↑ Leys K, Lang B, Johnston I, Newsom-Davis J (1991). "Calcium channel autoantibodies in the Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome". Ann Neurol. 29 (3): 307–14. doi:10.1002/ana.410290313. PMID 1645944.
  9. ↑ Staff NP, Windebank AJ (2014). "Peripheral neuropathy due to vitamin deficiency, toxins, and medications". Continuum (Minneap Minn). 20 (5 Peripheral Nervous System Disorders): 1293–306. doi:10.1212/01.CON.0000455880.06675.5a. PMC 4208100. PMID 25299283.
  10. ↑ Weis J, Brandner S, Lammens M, Sommer C, Vallat JM (2012). "Processing of nerve biopsies: a practical guide for neuropathologists". Clin Neuropathol. 31 (1): 7–23. PMC 3663462. PMID 22192700.
  11. ↑ Jain J, Singh R, Banait S, Verma N, Waghmare S (2014). "Magnitude of peripheral neuropathy in cirrhosis of liver patients from central rural India". Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 17 (4): 409–15. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.144012. PMC 4251014. PMID 25506162.
  12. ↑ Arnold R, Issar T, Krishnan AV, Pussell BA (2016). "Neurological complications in chronic kidney disease". JRSM Cardiovasc Dis. 5: 2048004016677687. doi:10.1177/2048004016677687. PMC 5102165. PMID 27867500.
  13. ↑ Ghosh S, Chaudhury PK, Goswami HK (2006). "An analysis of six cases of acute intermittent porphyria (AIP)". Indian J Psychiatry. 48 (3): 189–92. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.31584. PMC 2932991. PMID 20844651.
  14. ↑ Misra UK, Kalita J, Nair PP (2008). "Diagnostic approach to peripheral neuropathy". Ann Indian Acad Neurol. 11 (2): 89–97. doi:10.4103/0972-2327.41875. PMC 2771953. PMID 19893645.
  15. ↑ Argov Z, Mastaglia FL (1979). "Drug-induced peripheral neuropathies". Br Med J. 1 (6164): 663–6. PMC 1598252. PMID 219931.
  16. ↑ Rison RA, Beydoun SR (2016). "Paraproteinemic neuropathy: a practical review". BMC Neurol. 16: 13. doi:10.1186/s12883-016-0532-4. PMC 4731930. PMID 26821540.

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