Suicide Prevention

Suicide Microchapters
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Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
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Laboratory Findings
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Prevention

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Aditya Ganti M.B.B.S. [2]

Prevention

Understanding the issues concerning suicide and mental health is the main stay in prevention of suicide occurrence. American Association of Suicidology recommends tow strategies for effective prevention.

• Identification of Risk Factors
• Warning Signs

Identification of Risk factors

Identification of the risk factors cannot predict suicide but can help in getting aware of the individual

• Mental disorders, particularly mood disorders, schizophrenia, anxiety disorders, and certain personality disorders
• Alcohol and other substance use disorders
• Hopelessness
• Impulsive and/or aggressive tendencies
• History of trauma or abuse
• Major physical illnesses
• Previous suicide attempt(s)
• Family history of suicide
• Job or financial loss
• Loss of relationship(s)
• Easy access to lethal means
• Local clusters of suicide
• Lack of social support and sense of isolation
• Stigma associated with asking for help
• Lack of healthcare, especially mental health and substance abuse treatment
• Cultural and religious beliefs, such as the belief that suicide is a noble resolution of a personal dilemma
• Exposure to others who have died by suicide (in real life or via the media and Internet)

Warning Signs

Warning signs help to determine one at risk for suicide, especially if the behavior is new, has increased, or seems related to a painful event. Warning signs include:

• Talking about wanting to die or to kill themselves
• Looking for a way to kill themselves, like searching online or buying a gun
• Talking about feeling hopeless or having no reason to live
• Talking about feeling trapped or in unbearable pain
• Talking about being a burden to others
• Increasing the use of alcohol or drugs
• Acting anxious or agitated; behaving recklessly
• Sleeping too little or too much
• Withdrawing or isolating themselves
• Showing rage or talking about seeking revenge
• Extreme mood swings

Pneumonic for Identification of risk factors "IS PATH WARM"
I	Ideation
S	Substance abuse – Increased substance use
P	Purposelessness
A	Anxiety – Worry, fear, agitation, or changes in sleep pattern
T	Trapped – Feeling like there is no way out of a bad situation
H	Hopelessness
W	Withdrawal from friends, family, and society
A	Anger
R	Recklessness
M	Mood changes