Sandbox: wdx causes

Differentiating Leukocytosis from Other Diseases

• Leukocytosis is defined as an elevated white blood cell (WBC) count greater than 11,000 per mm3 (11.0 × 109 per L).
• The most common type of leukocytosis is neutrophilia.
  • Neutrophilia can be defined as an increase in the absolute number of mature neutrophils to greater than 7,000 per mm3 [7.0 × 109 per L].

Category	Condition	Etiology	Mechanism				Congenital	Acquried	Clinical manifestations											Para−clinical findings								Gold standard	Associated findings
									Demography	History	Symptoms			Signs
																				Lab Findings
			Physiologic	Increased bone marrow production		Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils					Appearance	Fever	Abdominal pain	BP	Asplenia	Hepatosplenomegaly	Lymphadenopathy	Joint redness	Other	CBC			PBS	Bone marrow exam	ESR/CRP	BUN/Cr	LFT
				Autonomous	Reactive															WBC	HB	Plt
Hematologic	Hereditary neutrophilia	Unknown Germline mutation in CSF3R	-	+	--	-	+	-	Rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder	Positive family history	Normal	-	-	Nl	-	+	-	-	-	↑	Nl	Nl	Normal granulocytes Histiocytes of Gaucher type	Nl	Nl	Nl	Nl	Genetic study	High leukocyte alkaline phosphatase Progress to leukemia
	Hereditary chronic neutrophilia
	Myeloproliferative neoplasms
	Polycythemia vera
	Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA)
	Leukoerythroblastosis
	Immune thrombocytopenia
Immunology/ Rheumatology	Condition	Etiology	Physiologic	Autonomous increased bone marrow production	Reactive increased bone marrow production	Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils	Congenital	Acquried	Demography	History	Appearance	Fever	Abdominal pain	BP	Asplenia	Hepatosplenomegaly	Lymphadenopathy	Joint redness	Other signs	WBC	HB	Plt	PBS	Bone marrow exam	ESR/CRP	BUN/Cr	LFT	Gold standard	Associated findings
	Leukocyte adhesion deficiency
	Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes
	Rheumatoid arthritis
	Juvenile onset rheumatoid arthritis
	Adult Still's disease
	Kawasaki disease
	IBD
	Sarcoidosis
	Chronic hepatitis
	Sweet syndrome
	Acute gout
Infection	Condition	Etiology	Physiologic	Autonomous increased bone marrow production	Reactive increased bone marrow production	Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils	Congenital	Acquried	Demography	History	Appearance	Fever	Abdominal pain	BP	Asplenia	Hepatosplenomegaly	Lymphadenopathy	Joint redness	Other signs	WBC	HB	Plt	PBS	Bone marrow exam	ESR/CRP	BUN/Cr	LFT	Gold standard	Associated findings
	Acute bacterial																						toxic granulations, Döhle bodies, and cytoplasmic vacuoles in neutrophils
	Chronic infection
	Viral infection
	Granulomatous infections
	Bronchiectasis
Metabolic	Diabetic coma
	Acidosis
	Thyroid storm
	Hypercortisolism
	Seizures
Medication	Condition	Etiology	Physiologic	Autonomous increased bone marrow production	Reactive increased bone marrow production	Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils	Congenital	Acquried	Demography	History	Appearance	Fever	Abdominal pain	BP	Asplenia	Hepatosplenomegaly	Lymphadenopathy	Joint redness	Other signs	WBC	HB	Plt	PBS	Bone marrow exam	ESR/CRP	BUN/Cr	LFT	Gold standard	Associated findings
	Steriod	Release of granulocytes from the bone marrow
	Myeloid growth factors
	Lithium
	Cytokines
	Catecholamines (epinephrine)	Stimulation of bone marrow myelopoiesis Egress into the circulation
	ATRA
Other	Condition	Etiology	Physiologic	Autonomous increased bone marrow production	Reactive increased bone marrow production	Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils	Congenital	Acquried	Demography	History	Appearance	Fever	Abdominal pain	BP	Asplenia	Hepatosplenomegaly	Lymphadenopathy	Joint redness	Other signs	WBC	HB	Plt	PBS	Bone marrow exam	ESR/CRP	BUN/Cr	LFT	Gold standard	Associated findings
	Allergy
	Post splenectomy
	Down syndrome
	Cigarette smoking
	Stress/exercise
	Infancy
	Pregnancy
	Platelet clumping	Spurious
	Mixed cryoglobulinemia	Spurious
Category	Condition	Etiology	Physiologic	Autonomous increased bone marrow production	Reactive increased bone marrow production	Demargination of peripheral blood neutrophils	Congenital	Acquried	Demography	History	Appearance	Fever	Abdominal pain	BP	Asplenia	Hepatosplenomegaly	Lymphadenopathy	Joint redness	Other signs	WBC	HB	Plt	PBS	Bone marrow exam	ESR/CRP	BUN/Cr	LFT	Gold standard	Associated findings