Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk factors: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
Common risk factors in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis include: Smoking, [[oxidative stress]], [[heavy metal]]<nowiki/>s, chemical exposure (pesticides, [[fertilizers]], [[herbicide]]s, [[insecticides]], and [[formaldehyde]]), [[Radiation]], [[Diet]] (high level of [[glutamate]] and fat can have adverse effects on ALS patients while [[Omega 3]] fatty acids, [[Vitamin E]], and [[fiber]] can have defensive impact.) and genetic causes. Among all the [[heavy metals]] that might be associated with ALS, [[lead]] exposure seems to be studied the most possibly due to the ALS-like symptoms experienced by people exposed to high concentrations of [[lead]]. | Common risk factors in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis include: Smoking, [[oxidative stress]], [[heavy metal]]<nowiki/>s, chemical exposure (pesticides, [[fertilizers]], [[herbicide]]s, [[insecticides]], and [[formaldehyde]]), [[Radiation]], [[Diet]] (high level of [[glutamate]] and fat can have adverse effects on ALS patients while [[Omega 3]] fatty acids, [[Vitamin E]], and [[fiber]] can have defensive impact.) and genetic causes. Among all the [[heavy metals]] that might be associated with ALS, [[lead]] exposure seems to be studied the most possibly due to the ALS-like symptoms experienced by people exposed to high concentrations of [[lead]]. | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]
Overview
Common risk factors in the development of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis include: Smoking, oxidative stress, heavy metals, chemical exposure (pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, and formaldehyde), Radiation, Diet (high level of glutamate and fat can have adverse effects on ALS patients while Omega 3 fatty acids, Vitamin E, and fiber can have defensive impact.) and genetic causes. Among all the heavy metals that might be associated with ALS, lead exposure seems to be studied the most possibly due to the ALS-like symptoms experienced by people exposed to high concentrations of lead.
Risk Factors
Common Risk Factors
- Common risk factors in the development of ALS may be occupational, environmental, genetic, and diet.
- Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] include:
- Smoking
- Cigarette smoke has been found to increase the probability of developing ALS through inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotoxicity by heavy metals contained in cigarettes.[1][2]
- Chemical exposure
- ALS has shown an association with exposure to agricultural chemicals such as pesticides, fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, and formaldehyde.[3]
- Among all the heavy metals that might be associated with ALS, lead exposure seems to be studied the most possibly due to the ALS-like symptoms experienced by people exposed to high concentrations of lead.[4]
- Radiation
- Diet
- Genetic causes[7]
- Smoking
References
- ↑ Wang W, Zhang F, Li L, Tang F, Siedlak SL, Fujioka H; et al. (2015). "MFN2 couples glutamate excitotoxicity and mitochondrial dysfunction in motor neurons". J Biol Chem. 290 (1): 168–82. doi:10.1074/jbc.M114.617167. PMC 4281719. PMID 25416777.
- ↑ Weisskopf MG, Morozova N, O'Reilly EJ, McCullough ML, Calle EE, Thun MJ; et al. (2009). "Prospective study of chemical exposures and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 80 (5): 558–61. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2008.156976. PMC 2765376. PMID 19372290.
- ↑ Welty DF, Schielke GP, Rothstein JD (1995). "Potential treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with gabapentin: a hypothesis". Ann Pharmacother. 29 (11): 1164–7. doi:10.1177/106002809502901118. PMID 8573965.
- ↑ Kamel F, Umbach DM, Munsat TL, Shefner JM, Hu H, Sandler DP (2002). "Lead exposure and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Epidemiology. 13 (3): 311–9. PMID 11964933.
- ↑ Morozova N, Weisskopf MG, McCullough ML, Munger KL, Calle EE, Thun MJ; et al. (2008). "Diet and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Epidemiology. 19 (2): 324–37. doi:10.1097/EDE.0b013e3181632c5d. PMID 18300717.
- ↑ Veldink JH, Kalmijn S, Groeneveld GJ, Wunderink W, Koster A, de Vries JH; et al. (2007). "Intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E reduces the risk of developing amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 78 (4): 367–71. doi:10.1136/jnnp.2005.083378. PMC 2077791. PMID 16648143.
- ↑ Deivasigamani S, Verma HK, Ueda R, Ratnaparkhi A, Ratnaparkhi GS (2014). "A genetic screen identifies Tor as an interactor of VAPB in a Drosophila model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis". Biol Open. 3 (11): 1127–38. doi:10.1242/bio.201410066. PMC 4232771. PMID 25361581.