Adult T-cell leukemia epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
The majority of adult T-cell leukemia cases are reported in Japan, the Caribbean, South America, and Africa. In southern Japan, the age-adjusted [[incidence]] rate of adult T-cell leukemia is approximately 6.6 per 100,000 individuals. The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia increases with age | The majority of adult T-cell leukemia cases are reported in Japan, the Caribbean, South America, and Africa. In southern Japan, the age-adjusted [[incidence]] rate of adult T-cell leukemia is approximately 6.6 per 100,000 individuals. The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia increases with age, and the median age at diagnosis is 57 years. Males are more commonly affected with adult T-cell leukemia than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.4 to 1. Adult T-cell leukemia usually affects individuals of the African American, Latin American, and Asian race. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop adult T-cell leukemia. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
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===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
* Among [[Human T-lymphotropic virus|HTLV]]-1 carriers in high prevalence regions such as Central Australia, Japan and Carribean, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) will ultimately develop in 1 | * Among [[Human T-lymphotropic virus|HTLV]]-1 carriers in high prevalence regions such as Central Australia, Japan and Carribean, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) will ultimately develop in 1-5% of infected individuals.<ref name="pmid17376384">{{cite journal |vauthors=Verdonck K, González E, Van Dooren S, Vandamme AM, Vanham G, Gotuzzo E |title=Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection |journal=Lancet Infect Dis |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=266–81 |date=April 2007 |pmid=17376384 |doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70081-6 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* In southern Japan, the age-adjusted incidence rate of adult T-cell leukemia is approximately 6.6 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid25219595">{{cite journal| author=Satake M, Yamada Y, Atogami S, Yamaguchi K| title=The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma among human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 carriers in Japan. | journal=Leuk Lymphoma | year= 2015 | volume= 56 | issue= 6 | pages= 1806-12 | pmid=25219595 | doi=10.3109/10428194.2014.964700 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25219595 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22973265">{{cite journal| author=Iwanaga M, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi K| title=Adult T-cell leukemia: a review of epidemiological evidence. | journal=Front Microbiol | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= | pages= 322 | pmid=22973265 | doi=10.3389/fmicb.2012.00322 | pmc=PMC3437524 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22973265 }} </ref><ref name="wiki">Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_T-cell_leukemia/lymphoma Accessed on November, 3 2015</ref> | * In southern Japan, the age-adjusted incidence rate of adult T-cell leukemia is approximately 6.6 per 100,000 individuals.<ref name="pmid25219595">{{cite journal| author=Satake M, Yamada Y, Atogami S, Yamaguchi K| title=The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma among human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 carriers in Japan. | journal=Leuk Lymphoma | year= 2015 | volume= 56 | issue= 6 | pages= 1806-12 | pmid=25219595 | doi=10.3109/10428194.2014.964700 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25219595 }} </ref><ref name="pmid22973265">{{cite journal| author=Iwanaga M, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi K| title=Adult T-cell leukemia: a review of epidemiological evidence. | journal=Front Microbiol | year= 2012 | volume= 3 | issue= | pages= 322 | pmid=22973265 | doi=10.3389/fmicb.2012.00322 | pmc=PMC3437524 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22973265 }} </ref><ref name="wiki">Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_T-cell_leukemia/lymphoma Accessed on November, 3 2015</ref> | ||
* The annual incidence of adult T-cell leukemia development among [[Human T-lymphotropic virus|HTLV]]-1 carriers is approximately 60 per 100,000 individuals. | * The annual incidence of adult T-cell leukemia development among [[Human T-lymphotropic virus|HTLV]]-1 carriers is approximately 60 per 100,000 individuals. | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
* The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia increases with age | * The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia increases with age,and the median age at diagnosis is 57 years.<ref name="pmid20425378">{{cite journal| author=Mahieux R, Gessain A| title=Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1. | journal=Curr Hematol Malig Rep | year= 2007 | volume= 2 | issue= 4 | pages= 257-64 | pmid=20425378 | doi=10.1007/s11899-007-0035-x | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=20425378 }} </ref> | ||
* The age of onset for adult T-cell leukemia differs across geographical regions, such as: | * The age of onset for adult T-cell leukemia differs across geographical regions, such as: | ||
:* The median age at diagnosis in Japan is 60 years. | :* The median age at diagnosis in Japan is 60 years. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Haytham Allaham, M.D. [2]
Overview
The majority of adult T-cell leukemia cases are reported in Japan, the Caribbean, South America, and Africa. In southern Japan, the age-adjusted incidence rate of adult T-cell leukemia is approximately 6.6 per 100,000 individuals. The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia increases with age, and the median age at diagnosis is 57 years. Males are more commonly affected with adult T-cell leukemia than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.4 to 1. Adult T-cell leukemia usually affects individuals of the African American, Latin American, and Asian race. Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop adult T-cell leukemia.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Prevalence
- Human T-Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infects at least 5–10 million people worldwide.[1]
- HTLV-1 is endemic to Central Australia and infection prevalence in this region ranges from a low of 7200 per 100,000 to a high of 13,900 per 100,000 of socially disadvantaged indigenous adults.[2][3][4]
- In Australia, HTLV-1 carriers were first reported among indigenous residents of remote desert communities in 1988.[5]
- Breastfeeding is thought to play an important role in transmission of HTLV-1 in indigenous Australian population.[6]
- In the US, adult T-cell leukemia is considered a rare disease that mainly tends to develop among African American intravenous drug abusers.[7]
- The majority of adult T-cell leukemia cases are reported in Japan, the Caribbean, South America, and Africa.
Incidence
- Among HTLV-1 carriers in high prevalence regions such as Central Australia, Japan and Carribean, adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) will ultimately develop in 1-5% of infected individuals.[8]
- In southern Japan, the age-adjusted incidence rate of adult T-cell leukemia is approximately 6.6 per 100,000 individuals.[9][10][11]
- The annual incidence of adult T-cell leukemia development among HTLV-1 carriers is approximately 60 per 100,000 individuals.
Age
- The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia increases with age,and the median age at diagnosis is 57 years.[7]
- The age of onset for adult T-cell leukemia differs across geographical regions, such as:
- The median age at diagnosis in Japan is 60 years.
- The median age at diagnosis in Central America is 40 years.
Gender
- Males are more commonly affected with adult T-cell leukemia than females. The male to female ratio is approximately 1.4 to 1.[9][10][11]
- Females are more commonly affected with HTLV infection than males. However, the risk of adult T-cell leukemia development among HTLV male carriers is five fold higher than the risk of adult T-cell leukemia development among HTLV female carriers.
Race
- Adult T-cell leukemia usually affects individuals of the African American, Latin American, and Asian race.
- Caucasian individuals are less likely to develop adult T-cell leukemia.[9][10][11]
References
- ↑ "Clinical Associations of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection in an Indigenous Australian Population".
- ↑ Bastian I, Hinuma Y, Doherty RR (July 1993). "HTLV-I among Northern Territory aborigines". Med. J. Aust. 159 (1): 12–6. PMID 8316104.
- ↑ "Clinical Associations of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 Infection in an Indigenous Australian Population".
- ↑ Einsiedel L, Cassar O, Bardy P, Kearney D, Gessain A (October 2013). "Variant human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1c and adult T-cell leukemia, Australia". Emerging Infect. Dis. 19 (10): 1639–41. doi:10.3201/eid1910.130105. PMC 3810736. PMID 24047544.
- ↑ May JT, Stent G, Schnagl RD (July 1988). "Antibody to human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I in Australian aborigines". Med. J. Aust. 149 (2): 104. PMID 2839756.
- ↑ Einsiedel L, Cassar O, Bardy P, Kearney D, Gessain A (October 2013). "Variant human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1c and adult T-cell leukemia, Australia". Emerging Infect. Dis. 19 (10): 1639–41. doi:10.3201/eid1910.130105. PMC 3810736. PMID 24047544.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Mahieux R, Gessain A (2007). "Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1". Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 2 (4): 257–64. doi:10.1007/s11899-007-0035-x. PMID 20425378.
- ↑ Verdonck K, González E, Van Dooren S, Vandamme AM, Vanham G, Gotuzzo E (April 2007). "Human T-lymphotropic virus 1: recent knowledge about an ancient infection". Lancet Infect Dis. 7 (4): 266–81. doi:10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70081-6. PMID 17376384.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Satake M, Yamada Y, Atogami S, Yamaguchi K (2015). "The incidence of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma among human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 carriers in Japan". Leuk Lymphoma. 56 (6): 1806–12. doi:10.3109/10428194.2014.964700. PMID 25219595.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 Iwanaga M, Watanabe T, Yamaguchi K (2012). "Adult T-cell leukemia: a review of epidemiological evidence". Front Microbiol. 3: 322. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2012.00322. PMC 3437524. PMID 22973265.
- ↑ 11.0 11.1 11.2 Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma. Wikipedia (2015) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adult_T-cell_leukemia/lymphoma Accessed on November, 3 2015