Optic neuritis: Difference between revisions

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==Differentiating Optic Neuritis from other Diseases==
==Differentiating Optic Neuritis from other Diseases==
Optic neuritis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [[eye pain]] and [[vision loss]] such as , , and .
Optic neuritis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause sudden [[eye pain]] and [[vision loss]] such as:
 
# [[Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy|N]]
OR
# [[Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy|Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy]] (AION
 
#* It is the most common form of ischemic [[optic neuropathy]] and the second most common optic neuropathy.
[Disease name] must be differentiated from [differential dx1], [differential dx2], and [differential dx3].
#* It is more common in patients over the age of 50 years with [[Vasculopathies|vasculopathic]] risk factors such as:
 
#** [[Diabetes mellitus]]
OR
#** [[Hypertension]]
 
#** [[Obstructive sleep apnea]]
As [disease name] manifests in a variety of clinical forms, differentiation must be established in accordance with the particular subtype. [Subtype name 1] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 1], such as [differential dx1] and [differential dx2]. In contrast, [subtype name 2] must be differentiated from other diseases that cause [clinical feature 2], such as [differential dx3] and [differential dx4].


==Epidemiology and Demographics==
==Epidemiology and Demographics==

Revision as of 19:29, 8 November 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohamadmostafa Jahansouz M.D.[2]

Overview

Historical Perspective

Discovery

Classification

Optic neuritis may be classified into atypical or typical subtypes based on its clinical features.[2]

  • Atypical optic neuritis entails clinical manifestations that deviate from classic pattern of optic neuritis features.[3]
  • Atypical features to consider include:[3]
    • Lack of pain
    • Simultaneous or near-simultaneous onset
    • Lack of response to or relapse upon tapering from corticosteroids
    • Optic neuritis due nerve head or peripapillary hemorrhages

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

Causes

The following autoimmune are associated with optic neuritis:[7][8][9]

Differentiating Optic Neuritis from other Diseases

Optic neuritis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause sudden eye pain and vision loss such as:

  1. N
  2. Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AION

Epidemiology and Demographics

Optic neuritis typically affects young adults ranging from 18–45 years of age, with a mean age of 30–35 years. There is a strong female predominance. The annual incidence is approximately 5/100,000, with a prevalence estimated to be 115/100,000.[10]

Age

Gender

Race

Risk Factors

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

Symptoms

Physical Examination

Laboratory Findings

Imaging Findings

Other Diagnostic Studies

Treatment

Medical Therapy

Surgery

Prevention

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Volpe NJ (December 2001). "Optic neuritis: historical aspects". J Neuroophthalmol. 21 (4): 302–9. PMID 11756864.
  2. Kliethermes MA (July 1988). "Working parents in two-pharmacist marriages". Am J Hosp Pharm. 45 (7): 1500. PMID 3414716.
  3. 3.0 3.1 Gaier ED, Boudreault K, Rizzo JF, Falardeau J, Cestari DM (December 2015). "Atypical Optic Neuritis". Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 15 (12): 76. doi:10.1007/s11910-015-0598-1. PMID 26467052.
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hoorbakht H, Bagherkashi F (2012). "Optic neuritis, its differential diagnosis and management". Open Ophthalmol J. 6: 65–72. doi:10.2174/1874364101206010065. PMC 3414716. PMID 22888383.
  5. 5.0 5.1 5.2 Toosy AT, Mason DF, Miller DH (January 2014). "Optic neuritis". Lancet Neurol. 13 (1): 83–99. doi:10.1016/S1474-4422(13)70259-X. PMID 24331795.
  6. Taniguchi S, Kawano T, Kakunaga T, Baba T (May 1986). "Differences in expression of a variant actin between low and high metastatic B16 melanoma". J. Biol. Chem. 261 (13): 6100–6. PMID 3700386.
  7. 7.0 7.1 Marechal F, Berthiot G, Deltour G (1988). "Serum levels of CA-50, CA-19.9, CA-125, CA-15.3, enolase and carcino-embryonic antigen in non neoplastic diseases of the lung". Anticancer Res. 8 (4): 677–80. PMID 3178158.
  8. 8.0 8.1 8.2 Bourdial J (April 1969). "[Otorhinolaryngologic action in asthmatics]". Maroc Med (in French). 49 (523): 209–17. PMID 5398737.
  9. 9.0 9.1 9.2 Balcer LJ (March 2006). "Clinical practice. Optic neuritis". N. Engl. J. Med. 354 (12): 1273–80. doi:10.1056/NEJMcp053247. PMID 16554529.
  10. Rodriguez M, Siva A, Cross SA, O'Brien PC, Kurland LT (1995). "Optic neuritis: a population-based study in Olmsted County, Minnesota". Neurology. 45 (2): 244–50. PMID 7854520.


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