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==History and Symptoms== | ==History and Symptoms== | ||
Hepatic encephalopathy or portosystemic encephalopathy is a syndrome of largely reversible impairment of brain function occurring in patients with acute or chronic liver failure or when the liver is bypassed by portosystemic shunts.<ref name="pmid30428474">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schulz C, Schütte K, Vilchez-Vargas R, Vasapolli R, Malfertheiner P |title=Long-Term Effect of Rifaximin with and without Lactulose on the Active Bacterial Assemblages in the Proximal Small Bowel and Faeces in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy |journal=Dig Dis |volume= |issue= |pages=1–9 |date=November 2018 |pmid=30428474 |doi=10.1159/000494216 |url=}}</ref>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common problem in liver cirrhosis and is associated with typical changes of cerebral metabolite pattern observed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).<ref name="pmid30427626">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30427626 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17372808">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rimar D, Kruzel-Davila E, Dori G, Baron E, Bitterman H |title=Hyperammonemic coma--barking up the wrong tree |journal=J Gen Intern Med |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=549–52 |date=April 2007 |pmid=17372808 |pmc=1829435 |doi=10.1007/s11606-007-0131-6 |url=}}</ref> | Hepatic encephalopathy or portosystemic encephalopathy is a syndrome of largely reversible impairment of brain function occurring in patients with acute or chronic liver failure or when the liver is bypassed by portosystemic shunts.<ref name="pmid30428474">{{cite journal |vauthors=Schulz C, Schütte K, Vilchez-Vargas R, Vasapolli R, Malfertheiner P |title=Long-Term Effect of Rifaximin with and without Lactulose on the Active Bacterial Assemblages in the Proximal Small Bowel and Faeces in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy |journal=Dig Dis |volume= |issue= |pages=1–9 |date=November 2018 |pmid=30428474 |doi=10.1159/000494216 |url=}}</ref>Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common problem in liver cirrhosis and is associated with typical changes of cerebral metabolite pattern observed by proton [[magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).]]<ref name="pmid30427626">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30427626 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid17372808">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rimar D, Kruzel-Davila E, Dori G, Baron E, Bitterman H |title=Hyperammonemic coma--barking up the wrong tree |journal=J Gen Intern Med |volume=22 |issue=4 |pages=549–52 |date=April 2007 |pmid=17372808 |pmc=1829435 |doi=10.1007/s11606-007-0131-6 |url=}}</ref> | ||
A positive history of Alcohol use and viral Hepatitis is suggestive of HE. The most common symptoms of Hepatic encephalopathy include: | A positive history of Alcohol use and viral Hepatitis is suggestive of HE. The most common symptoms of Hepatic encephalopathy include: | ||
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Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common problem in liver cirrhosis and is associated with typical changes of cerebral metabolite pattern observed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).<ref name="pmid30427626">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30427626 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common problem in liver cirrhosis and is associated with typical changes of cerebral metabolite pattern observed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).<ref name="pmid30427626">{{cite journal |vauthors= |title= |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |date= |pmid=30427626 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
Revision as of 17:48, 16 November 2018
Overview
The hallmark of Hepatic Encephalopathy is accumulation of ammonia and toxic substances in the blood that are normally detoxified in the liver. A positive history of and is suggestive of . The most common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Common symptoms of [disease] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3]. Less common symptoms of [disease name] include [symptom 1], [symptom 2], and [symptom 3].
History and Symptoms
Hepatic encephalopathy or portosystemic encephalopathy is a syndrome of largely reversible impairment of brain function occurring in patients with acute or chronic liver failure or when the liver is bypassed by portosystemic shunts.[1]Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common problem in liver cirrhosis and is associated with typical changes of cerebral metabolite pattern observed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).[2][3]
A positive history of Alcohol use and viral Hepatitis is suggestive of HE. The most common symptoms of Hepatic encephalopathy include:
History
Patients with hepatic encephalopathy may have a positive history of:[5]
- Viral hepatitis
- Chronic alcohol use
- History of drug and toxin use
- Halothane
- Acetaminophen
- Aphlatoxin
Common Symptoms
Common symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy include:
- Memory impairment
- Personality changes
- Coma
- Jaundice
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common problem in liver cirrhosis and is associated with typical changes of cerebral metabolite pattern observed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).[2]
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common problem in liver cirrhosis and is associated with typical changes of cerebral metabolite pattern observed by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS).
Less Common Symptoms
Less common symptoms of [disease name] include
- [Symptom 2]
- [Symptom 3]
References
- ↑ Schulz C, Schütte K, Vilchez-Vargas R, Vasapolli R, Malfertheiner P (November 2018). "Long-Term Effect of Rifaximin with and without Lactulose on the Active Bacterial Assemblages in the Proximal Small Bowel and Faeces in Patients with Minimal Hepatic Encephalopathy". Dig Dis: 1–9. doi:10.1159/000494216. PMID 30428474.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 . PMID 30427626. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ Rimar D, Kruzel-Davila E, Dori G, Baron E, Bitterman H (April 2007). "Hyperammonemic coma--barking up the wrong tree". J Gen Intern Med. 22 (4): 549–52. doi:10.1007/s11606-007-0131-6. PMC 1829435. PMID 17372808.
- ↑ Shawcross DL, Dunk AA, Jalan R, Kircheis G, de Knegt RJ, Laleman W, Ramage JK, Wedemeyer H, Morgan IE (February 2016). "How to diagnose and manage hepatic encephalopathy: a consensus statement on roles and responsibilities beyond the liver specialist". Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 28 (2): 146–52. doi:10.1097/MEG.0000000000000529. PMC 4885589. PMID 26600154.
- ↑ Hoffmann V, Jones K, Leroy J (December 2015). "Mitigating aflatoxin exposure to improve child growth in Eastern Kenya: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial". Trials. 16: 552. doi:10.1186/s13063-015-1064-8. PMC 4669614. PMID 26634701.