Pneumomediastinum classification: Difference between revisions
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* Secondary pneumomediastinum: | * Secondary pneumomediastinum: | ||
** [[Iatrogenic]]: [[Endoscopy|Endoscopic]] procedures, [[intubation]]/[[extubation]], [[central line|central vascular access procedure]], [[pleural cavity]] instrumentation, chest or abdominal surgery. | ** [[Iatrogenic]]: [[Endoscopy|Endoscopic]] procedures, [[intubation]]/[[extubation]], [[central line|central vascular access procedure]], [[pleural cavity]] instrumentation, chest or abdominal surgery. | ||
** [[Traumatic]]: Blunt force trauma, [[penetrating]] chest or abdominal injury. | ** [[Traumatic]]: Blunt force [[trauma,]] [[penetrating]] chest or abdominal injury. | ||
**Non-traumatic: Predisposing factors are preexisting medical conditions such as [[asthma]], [[interstitial lung disease]], [[COPD]], [[bronchiectasis]], lung [[cysts]], [[malignancy|lung malignancy]], excessive [[vomiting]]. | **Non-traumatic: Predisposing factors are preexisting medical conditions such as [[asthma]], [[interstitial lung disease]], [[COPD]], [[bronchiectasis]], lung [[cysts]], [[malignancy|lung malignancy]], excessive [[vomiting]]. | ||
Revision as of 20:58, 12 December 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2]
Overview
Pneumomediastinum may be classified according to cause into spontaneous pneumomediastinum and secondary pneumomediastinum. Both the categories have multiple causes.
Classification
Pneumomediastinum is mainly classified according to the cause into 2 groups:[1]
- Spontaneous, also known as idiopathic pneumomediastinum: Cause of sponateous pneumomediastinum is use of tobacco and recreational drugs such as cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine.
- Secondary pneumomediastinum:
- Iatrogenic: Endoscopic procedures, intubation/extubation, central vascular access procedure, pleural cavity instrumentation, chest or abdominal surgery.
- Traumatic: Blunt force trauma, penetrating chest or abdominal injury.
- Non-traumatic: Predisposing factors are preexisting medical conditions such as asthma, interstitial lung disease, COPD, bronchiectasis, lung cysts, lung malignancy, excessive vomiting.
| Pneumomediastinum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spontaneous pneumomediastinum •Tobacco and recreational drug use | Secondary pneumomediastinum | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Iatrogenic • Endoscopic procedures • Intubation/extubation • Central line access • Pleural cavity instrumentation • Chest or abdominal surgery | Traumatic • Blunt force trauma • Penetrating truma to chest/abdomen Non traumatic • Asthma • Interstitial lung disease • COPD • Bronchiectasis • Lung cysts • Lung malignacies • Excessive vomitting | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
- Pneumomediastinum can also be classified according to the entry of air into the mediastinal cavity: Head/neck/upper respiratory tract, lower respiratory tract, lung, gastrointestinal tract, or external sources. [2]
References
- ↑ Kouritas VK, Papagiannopoulos K, Lazaridis G, Baka S, Mpoukovinas I, Karavasilis V, Lampaki S, Kioumis I, Pitsiou G, Papaiwannou A, Karavergou A, Kipourou M, Lada M, Organtzis J, Katsikogiannis N, Tsakiridis K, Zarogoulidis K, Zarogoulidis P (February 2015). "Pneumomediastinum". J Thorac Dis. 7 (Suppl 1): S44–9. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2015.01.11. PMC 4332083. PMID 25774307.
- ↑ http://www.pulmonologyadvisor.com/pulmonary-medicine/non-neoplastic-disorders-of-the-mediastinum-pneumomediastinum/article/661012/