Pneumomediastinum causes: Difference between revisions
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Pneumomediastinum is most commonly caused by<ref name="ChengVarghese2016">{{cite journal|last1=Cheng|first1=Guang-Shing|last2=Varghese|first2=Thomas K.|last3=Park|first3=David R.|title=Pneumomediastinum and Mediastinitis|year=2016|pages=1496–1510.e12|doi=10.1016/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00084-1}}</ref>: | Pneumomediastinum is most commonly caused by<ref name="ChengVarghese2016">{{cite journal|last1=Cheng|first1=Guang-Shing|last2=Varghese|first2=Thomas K.|last3=Park|first3=David R.|title=Pneumomediastinum and Mediastinitis|year=2016|pages=1496–1510.e12|doi=10.1016/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00084-1}}</ref>: | ||
* | * Spontaneous pneumomediastinum may be caused without any underlying pathology in an apperently healthy individual. | ||
* [[Asthma]] or other conditions leading to alveolar rupture | * [[Asthma]] or other conditions leading to alveolar rupture | ||
* [[Esophageal perforation]] | * [[Esophageal perforation]] | ||
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* [[Obesity]]<ref name="pmid17909893">{{cite journal |author=Hatzitolios A, Ntaios G |title=Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum May Be Associated with Both Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2007 |pmid=17909893 |doi=10.1007/s00408-007-9037-7}}</ref> | * [[Obesity]]<ref name="pmid17909893">{{cite journal |author=Hatzitolios A, Ntaios G |title=Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum May Be Associated with Both Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity |journal= |volume= |issue= |pages= |year=2007 |pmid=17909893 |doi=10.1007/s00408-007-9037-7}}</ref> | ||
*Pneumomediastinum may be induced to assist thoracoscopic surgery.<ref name="pmid17669882">{{cite journal |author=Utsumi T, Shiono H, Fukai I, Akashi A |title=Artificial pneumomediastinum facilitates thoracoscopic surgery in anterior mediastinum |journal=Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery |volume=6 |issue=3 |pages=411–2 |year=2007 |pmid=17669882 |doi=10.1510/icvts.2006.147355}} | |||
</ref> | </ref> | ||
*Pneumomediastinum may be caused by a pulmonary [[barotrauma]] resulting when a person moves to or from a higher pressure environment, such as when a Scuba diver<ref>{{cite journal |author=Tetzlaff K, Reuter M |title=Recurrent pulmonary barotrauma (PBT) in a previously healthy male scuba diver who suffered from repeated pneumomediastinum after shallow-water scuba dives |journal=Undersea Hyperb Med |volume=25 |issue=2 |pages=127–8 |year=1998 |pmid=9670439 |doi= |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/2412 |accessdate=2008-06-05}}</ref><ref>Dr. Richard Moon, Diver's Alert Network Vice President and Medical Director, http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=40 </ref>, a free-diver<ref>{{cite journal |author=Jacobson FL, Loring SH, Ferrigno M |title=Pneumomediastinum after lung packing |journal=Undersea Hyperb Med |volume=33 |issue=5 |pages=313–6 |year=2006 |pmid=17091828 |doi= |url=http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/5045 |accessdate=2008-06-05}}</ref> or an airplane passenger<ref>{{cite journal |author=Nicol E, Davies G, Jayakumar P, Green ND |title=Pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum in a passenger on a commercial flight |journal=Aviat Space Environ Med |volume=78 |issue=4 |pages=435–9 |year=2007 |month=April |pmid=17484349 |doi= |url=http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asma/asem/2007/00000078/00000004/art00014 |accessdate=2008-06-05 }}</ref> ascends or descends. | |||
Revision as of 13:58, 14 December 2018
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Trusha Tank, M.D.[2] Jacquelyne DiTroia
Overview
Causes
Pneumomediastinum is most commonly caused by[1]:
- Spontaneous pneumomediastinum may be caused without any underlying pathology in an apperently healthy individual.
- Asthma or other conditions leading to alveolar rupture
- Esophageal perforation
- Esophageal or bowel rupture
- Use of Breathing Machines
- Excess coughing, sneezing, vomiting
Pneumomediastinum has also been associated with:
- Pneumomediastinum may be induced to assist thoracoscopic surgery.[4]
- Pneumomediastinum may be caused by a pulmonary barotrauma resulting when a person moves to or from a higher pressure environment, such as when a Scuba diver[5][6], a free-diver[7] or an airplane passenger[8] ascends or descends.
Causes by Organ System
Cardiovascular | No underlying causes |
Chemical / poisoning | Inhalation of varnish fumes. |
Dermatologic | No underlying causes |
Drug Side Effect | Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. |
Ear Nose Throat | Esophageal perforation, Oesophageal rupture, Boerhaave syndrome |
Endocrine | No underlying causes |
Environmental | No underlying causes |
Gastroenterologic | No underlying causes |
Genetic | No underlying causes |
Hematologic | No underlying causes |
Iatrogenic | Interventions in the tracheobronchial tree or GI tract such as endoscopies, intubation/extubation, surgical intervention such as thyroidectomy, tracheostomy. |
Infectious Disease | Tuberculosis, mycoplasma pneumonia, influenza pneumonia, measels. |
Musculoskeletal / Ortho | Dermatomyoscitis. |
Neurologic | No underlying causes |
Nutritional / Metabolic | No underlying causes |
Obstetric/Gynecologic | No underlying causes |
Oncologic | No underlying causes |
Opthalmologic | No underlying causes |
Overdose / Toxicity | No underlying causes |
Psychiatric | No underlying causes |
Pulmonary | Asthma, Pulmonary barotrauma, COPD, atelectasis, bronchiolitis. |
Renal / Electrolyte | No underlying causes |
Rheum / Immune / Allergy | No underlying causes |
Sexual | No underlying causes |
Trauma | Blunt or penetrating truma to the chest or abdomen. |
Urologic | No underlying causes |
Dental | Tooth extraction. |
Miscellaneous | Anorexia, Obesity Breathing Machines, ascend/descend injury during deep sea diving. |
Causes in Alphabetical Order
|
References
- ↑ Cheng, Guang-Shing; Varghese, Thomas K.; Park, David R. (2016). "Pneumomediastinum and Mediastinitis": 1496–1510.e12. doi:10.1016/B978-1-4557-3383-5.00084-1.
- ↑ Vázquez JL, Vázquez I, González ML, García-Tejedor JL, Repáraz A (2007). "Pneumomediastinum and pneumothorax as presenting signs in severe Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia". doi:10.1007/s00247-007-0611-1. PMID 17899058.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Hatzitolios A, Ntaios G (2007). "Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum May Be Associated with Both Anorexia Nervosa and Obesity". doi:10.1007/s00408-007-9037-7. PMID 17909893.
- ↑ Utsumi T, Shiono H, Fukai I, Akashi A (2007). "Artificial pneumomediastinum facilitates thoracoscopic surgery in anterior mediastinum". Interactive cardiovascular and thoracic surgery. 6 (3): 411–2. doi:10.1510/icvts.2006.147355. PMID 17669882.
- ↑ Tetzlaff K, Reuter M (1998). "Recurrent pulmonary barotrauma (PBT) in a previously healthy male scuba diver who suffered from repeated pneumomediastinum after shallow-water scuba dives". Undersea Hyperb Med. 25 (2): 127–8. PMID 9670439. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
- ↑ Dr. Richard Moon, Diver's Alert Network Vice President and Medical Director, http://www.diversalertnetwork.org/medical/articles/article.asp?articleid=40
- ↑ Jacobson FL, Loring SH, Ferrigno M (2006). "Pneumomediastinum after lung packing". Undersea Hyperb Med. 33 (5): 313–6. PMID 17091828. Retrieved 2008-06-05.
- ↑ Nicol E, Davies G, Jayakumar P, Green ND (2007). "Pneumopericardium and pneumomediastinum in a passenger on a commercial flight". Aviat Space Environ Med. 78 (4): 435–9. PMID 17484349. Retrieved 2008-06-05. Unknown parameter
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