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|+ '''WHO Classification Based on The Geographic Distribution and Clinical Presentation'''
|+ '''Classification Based on The Geographic Distribution and Clinical Presentation'''
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(African Burkitt's lymphoma)
(African Burkitt's lymphoma)
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* The most common childhood cancer in Africa
*The endemic form always presents as a jaw or facial bone tumor
* Almost always associated with [[Epstein-Barr virus]] infection
*Primary involvement of the abdomen is not very common
* Characteristically involves the jaw, distal ileum, [[cecum]], [[ovaries]], [[kidney]], or the [[breast]]
*The primary tumor can disseminate to the extranodal sites such as the mesentery, ovary, testis, kidney, breast, and meninges
*Primary involvement of the peripheral lymph nodes, mediastinum, and spleen are uncommon
*Bone marrow involvement is seen in less than 10 percent of patients at the time of initial presentation but is a common complication of recurrent or treatment resistant disease.
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| style="text-align: center; padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | '''Sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma'''  
| style="text-align: center; padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | '''Sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma'''  

Revision as of 16:42, 27 December 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sowminya Arikapudi, M.B,B.S. [2]

Overview

Burkitt's lymphoma may be classified according to WHO classification into 3 clinical variants: endemic Burkitt's lymphoma, sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma, and immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma.

Classification

Burkitt's lymphoma may be classified according to WHO classification into 3 clinical variants:

  • Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma [1]
  • Sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma[2]
  • Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma[3]

It is almost impossible to differentiate these three clinical variants based on histology (i.e. microscopic appearance) or immunophenotype.

Classification Based on The Geographic Distribution and Clinical Presentation
Name Description
Endemic Burkitt's lymphoma

(African Burkitt's lymphoma)

  • The endemic form always presents as a jaw or facial bone tumor
  • Primary involvement of the abdomen is not very common
  • The primary tumor can disseminate to the extranodal sites such as the mesentery, ovary, testis, kidney, breast, and meninges
  • Primary involvement of the peripheral lymph nodes, mediastinum, and spleen are uncommon
  • Bone marrow involvement is seen in less than 10 percent of patients at the time of initial presentation but is a common complication of recurrent or treatment resistant disease.
Sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma

(Non-African or Non-endemic Burkitt's lymphoma)

  • The most common type of Burkitt's lymphoma in North America and Europe
  • Sometimes associated with the Epstein-Barr virus, but in many cases this virus is not present
  • Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, which includes Burkitt's, accounts for 30-50% of childhood lymphoma
  • Ileo-cecal region is the common site of involvement
  • Most often starts in the abdomen, but can also start in the ovaries, testicles, kidneys, or other organs
  • Jaw is less commonly involved, comparing with the endemic variant
  • Can also involve the pleura lining the lung, central nervous system (CNS), and uncommonly, the breast
Immunodeficiency-associated Burkitt's lymphoma
  • Tends to occur in people with weakened immune systems, typically those with HIV infection
  • Incidence appears to be dropping due to the development of new antiretroviral therapies
  • About 30–40% of cases are associated with the Epstein-Barr virus

References

  1. ↑ Tao Q, Robertson KD, Manns A, Hildesheim A, Ambinder RF (1998). "Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in endemic Burkitt's lymphoma: molecular analysis of primary tumor tissue". Blood. 91 (4): 1373–81. PMID 9454768.
  2. ↑ Ng JY, Thompson RJ, Lam A, Nigam S (2018). "Sporadic Burkitt's lymphoma masquerading as an intussuscepted Meckel's diverticulum in a 9-year-old child". BMJ Case Rep. 2018. doi:10.1136/bcr-2018-224333. PMID 30042102.
  3. ↑ Linke-Serinsöz E, Fend F, Quintanilla-Martinez L (2017). "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) related lymphomas, pathology view point". Semin Diagn Pathol. 34 (4): 352–363. doi:10.1053/j.semdp.2017.04.003. PMID 28506687.

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