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==Overview==
==Overview==
Bronchocentric granulomatosis is not a disease per se but a histopathological finding of the bronchi and bronchioles. It is commonly seen in asthmatic patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, but can also be observed in non-asthmatics with no identifiable etiological agent.  
Bronchocentric granulomatosis is not a disease per se but a histopathological finding of the bronchi and bronchioles. It is commonly seen in asthmatic patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, but can also be observed in non-asthmatics with no identifiable etiological agent.Katzenstein AL, Liebow AA, Friedman PJ. Bronchocentric granulomatosis, mucoid impaction, and hypersensitivity reactions to fungi. Am Rev Respir Dis 1975;111:497-537.


==Historical Perspective==
==Historical Perspective==

Revision as of 12:52, 28 December 2018

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Nikhila Palle, M.B.B.S


Overview

Bronchocentric granulomatosis is not a disease per se but a histopathological finding of the bronchi and bronchioles. It is commonly seen in asthmatic patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, but can also be observed in non-asthmatics with no identifiable etiological agent.Katzenstein AL, Liebow AA, Friedman PJ. Bronchocentric granulomatosis, mucoid impaction, and hypersensitivity reactions to fungi. Am Rev Respir Dis 1975;111:497-537.

Historical Perspective

  • Bronchocentric granulomatosis was first discovered by Liebow, in 1973.[1]

Classification

Pathophysiology

  • There are two patterns observed in Bronchocentric granulomatosis, the more common pattern is observed in young men suffering from asthma.
  • The pathogenesis of bronchocentric granulomatosis is characterized by an immunological reaction related to chronic eosinophilic pneumonia and allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. There is necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles.
  • The [gene name] gene/Mutation in [gene name] has been associated with the development of [disease name], involving the [molecular pathway] pathway.
  • On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].
  • On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Causes

  • [Disease name] may be caused by either [cause1], [cause2], or [cause3].
  • [Disease name] is caused by a mutation in the [gene1], [gene2], or [gene3] gene[s].
  • There are no established causes for [disease name].

Differentiating [disease name] from other Diseases

  • Bronchocentric granulomatosis must be differentiated from other diseases that cause fever, cough and chest pain, such as:
  • Tuberculosis
  • [Differential dx2]
  • [Differential dx3]

Epidemiology and Demographics

  • The incidence and prevalence of Bronchocentric granulomatosis is not known.

Age

  • Patients of all age groups may develop Bronchocentric granulomatosis.
  • [Disease name] is more commonly observed among patients aged [age range] years old.
  • Bronchocentric granulomatosis is more commonly observed among elderly patients.

Gender

  • [Disease name] affects men and women equally.
  • [Gender 1] are more commonly affected with [disease name] than [gender 2].
  • The [gender 1] to [Gender 2] ratio is approximately [number > 1] to 1.

Race

  • There is no racial predilection for [disease name].
  • [Disease name] usually affects individuals of the [race 1] race.
  • [Race 2] individuals are less likely to develop [disease name].

Risk Factors

  • Common risk factors in the development of [disease name] are [risk factor 1], [risk factor 2], [risk factor 3], and [risk factor 4].

Natural History, Complications and Prognosis

  • The majority of patients with [disease name] remain asymptomatic for [duration/years].
  • Early clinical features include [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
  • If left untreated, [#%] of patients with [disease name] may progress to develop [manifestation 1], [manifestation 2], and [manifestation 3].
  • Common complications of [disease name] include [complication 1], [complication 2], and [complication 3].
  • Prognosis is generally [excellent/good/poor], and the [1/5/10­year mortality/survival rate] of patients with [disease name] is approximately [#%].

Diagnosis

Diagnostic Criteria

  • The diagnosis of [disease name] is made when at least [number] of the following [number] diagnostic criteria are met:
  • [criterion 1]
  • [criterion 2]
  • [criterion 3]
  • [criterion 4]

Symptoms

  • Symptoms of Bronchocentric granulomatosis may include the following:
  • Cough
  • Wheezing
  • Fever
  • Dyspnea
  • Blood eosinophilia


Physical Examination

  • Patients with [disease name] usually appear [general appearance].
  • Physical examination may be remarkable for:
  • [finding 1]
  • [finding 2]
  • [finding 3]
  • [finding 4]
  • [finding 5]
  • [finding 6]

Laboratory Findings

  • There are no specific laboratory findings associated with [disease name].
  • A [positive/negative] [test name] is diagnostic of [disease name].
  • An [elevated/reduced] concentration of [serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other] [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
  • Other laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].

Imaging Findings

  • There are no [imaging study] findings associated with [disease name].
  • [Imaging study 1] is the imaging modality of choice for [disease name].
  • On [imaging study 1], [disease name] is characterized by [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].
  • [Imaging study 2] may demonstrate [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Other Diagnostic Studies

  • [Disease name] may also be diagnosed using [diagnostic study name].
  • Findings on [diagnostic study name] include [finding 1], [finding 2], and [finding 3].

Treatment

Medical Therapy

  • There is no treatment for [disease name]; the mainstay of therapy is supportive care.
  • The mainstay of therapy for [disease name] is [medical therapy 1] and [medical therapy 2].
  • [Medical therapy 1] acts by [mechanism of action 1].
  • Response to [medical therapy 1] can be monitored with [test/physical finding/imaging] every [frequency/duration].

Surgery

  • Surgery is the mainstay of therapy for [disease name].
  • [Surgical procedure] in conjunction with [chemotherapy/radiation] is the most common approach to the treatment of [disease name].
  • [Surgical procedure] can only be performed for patients with [disease stage] [disease name].

Prevention

  • There are no primary preventive measures available for [disease name].
  • Effective measures for the primary prevention of [disease name] include [measure1], [measure2], and [measure3].
  • Once diagnosed and successfully treated, patients with [disease name] are followed-up every [duration]. Follow-up testing includes [test 1], [test 2], and [test 3].

References

  1. Liebow AA (1973). "The J. Burns Amberson lecture--pulmonary angiitis and granulomatosis". Am Rev Respir Dis. 108 (1): 1–18. doi:10.1164/arrd.1973.108.1.1. PMID 4577269.