Sandbox:Preeti

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Preeti Singh, M.B.B.S.[2]

Category		Disease	Etiology	Mechanism		Clinical manifestations												Paraclinical findings										Gold standard	Associated findings
																		Lab findings									Imaging
						Demography	History	Symptoms				Signs						CBC			PBS	LFT	PT/PTT	Immunochemistry	Histopathology	Other
				Inherited	Acquired			Constitutional symptoms	Rash	Abdominal pain	Diarrhea	V/S	Mass	LAP	Hepatosplenomegaly	Arthritis	Other	WBC	Hb	Plt
HL
		Hodgkin's Lymphoma
NHL
B Cell Lymphoma		Precursor B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma	Precursor B-cell Lymphoma
		Follicular lymphoma	Mature B-cell Lymphoma Reciprocal translocation t(14;18)(q32;q21)					Fever Weight loss Night sweats	+	+			Painless swelling in the neck, axilla, groin, thorax and abdomen	Central and peripheral lymphadenopathy	+		Seizures Chest pain Bone pain Cough Dyspnea
		Mantle cell lymphoma	CD5 positive antigen in pregerminal center of B-cell Chromosomal translocation at t(11:14) Over-express cyclin D1					Stage IV disease B symptoms, Generalized lymphadenopathy Abdominal distention Fatigue Night sweats Weight Loss Extranodal involvement of gastrointtestinal (GI) tract, lungs, and central nervous system (CNS)					Generalized lymphadenopathy Hepato-splenomegaly Mental Retardation Less commonly Palpable masses in skin, breast, and salivary glands					CBC Anemia and cytopenias are secondary to bone marrow infiltration Lymphocytosis > 4000/µL Elevated LDH						CD5+ B-cell antigen positive CD19 CD20 CD22 Cyclin D1 is overexpressed.	Germinal centers filled by small-to-medium atypical lymphocytes. Nodular appearance may be evident from expansion of the mantle zone in 30-50% of patients early in the disease.
		Diffuse large B cell lymphoma	Mature B-cell Lymphoma 8q24/MYC translocations Hypermutated immunoglobulin genes Mutation of BCL6, MYC, PAX5, PIM1, RhoH /TTFn, TP53 genes Translocations involving c-MYC, BCL6, and IgH gene.					Fever Night sweats weight loss						Painless rapidly enlarging lymph nodes				↓	↓	Nl to ↓					Centroblastic Medium-to-large-sized lymphocytes Monomorphic Immunoblastic > 90% immunoblasts Trapezoid shaped large lymphoid cells with significant basophilic cytoplasm Anaplastic: Very large cells with a round, oval, or polygonal shape that may resemble Reed-Sternberg cells	Hypergammaglobulinemia
Category		Disease	Etiology	Inherited	Acquired	Demography	History	Constitutional symptoms	Rash	Abdominal pain	Diarrhea	V/S	Mass	LAP	Hepatosplenomegaly	Arthritis	Other	WBC	Hb	Plt	PBS	LFT	PT/PTT	Immunochemistry	Histopathology	Other lab findings	Imaging	Gold standard	Associated findings
		Burkitt lymphoma	Mature B-cell Lymphoma Translocation of chromosome 8 myc locus such as: t(8;14) t(2;8) t(8;22)					Fever Night sweats Unexplained weight loss					Proptosis Jaw mass Abdominal masses Ascites Peripheral lymphadenopathy	Swollen lymph nodes in the neck, axilla, or groin										CD19 CD20, CD22 CD10 BCL6. BCL2 and TdT.	Medium-sized (~1.5-2x the size of a RBC) with uniform size ("monotonous") -- key feature (i.e. tumor nuclei size similar to that of histiocytes or endothelial cells) Round nucleus Small nucleoli basophilic cytoplasm Brisk mitotic rate and apoptotic activity Cellular outline usually appears squared off "Starry-sky pattern": The stars in the pattern are tingible-body macrophages (macrophages containing apoptotic tumor cells) The tumour cells are the sky
		B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma	Mature B-cell Lymphoma
	Marginal zone lymphoma	Extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) type	Mature B-cell Lymphoma
		Splenic marginal zone lymphoma	Clonal rearrangements of the immunoglobulin genes (heavy and light chains) . Deletion 7q21-32 Translocations of the CDK6 gene located at 7q21.																					CD20 CD79a	B-cells replace the normal white pulp of the spleen. The neoplastic cells compromise Small lymphocytes Transformed blasts Sinus invasion Epithelial histocytes Plasmacytic differentiation of neoplastic cells. Splenic Hilar Lymph Nodes Involved hilar lymph nodes adjacent to the spleen show an effaced architecture without preservation of the marginal zone seen in the spleen Bone Marrow Biopsy Splenic marginal zone lymphoma in bone marrow displays a nodular pattern with morphology similar to what is observed in the splenic hilar lymph nodes.
		Nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma	Arise from memory B cells. Include Splenic marginal zone lymphoma Nodal marginal zone lymphoma Extranodal marginal zone lymphoma. Stimulation of antigen receptor by autoantigen and co-stimulatory molecule CD40.					Depends largely on its location Gastric marginal zone lymphoma Dyspepsia Abdominal pain Hemorrhage Chronic infectious conditions or autoimmune processes, such as H pylori gastritis Hashimoto thyroiditis Sjögren syndrome.																AE1/AE3 B-cell markers CD20, CD79a, CD10, CD23, and bcl-2 are expressed	Follicular cells in reactive zone Centrocyte like cells in marginal zone lymphoma
		Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma (Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia)	Mature B-cell Lymphoma
		Hairy cell leukemia	Production of cytokines, such as TNF alpha and IL-2R, provide important stimuli for malignant B cells proliferation in hairy cell leukemia. The p38-MAPK-JNK cascade The MEK-ERK cascade The Phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-AKT cascade					Fever Night sweats Fatigue Easy bruising or bleeding Generalized weakness Weight loss Recurrent infections Early satiety					Pallor, Petechiae Splenomegaly					Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase positive CBC Decreased hemoglobin concentration Decreased platelets count						Annexin A1 CD20 CD25 CD103 CD19 CD11c FMC7	Small cells with "fried egg"-like appearance Well-demarcated thread-like cytoplasmic extensions Clear cytoplasm Central round nucleus Peri-nuclear clearing ("water-clear rim" appearance)
		Precursor T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma	Precursor T-cell Lymphomas
		Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma
T cell lymphoma		Anaplastic large cell lymphoma
	Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma	Mycosis fungoides / Sézary syndrome	The tumor cells originate from memory T cells or skin homing CD4+ T cells expressing cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) and chemokine receptors CCR4and CCR7. It is understood that cutaneous t cell lymphoma (maycosis fungoides, Sezary sydrome ) is the result of malignant T cell that derived from a mature CD41 CD45RO1 memory T cells.					Epidermal atrophy or poikiloderma Generalized itching(pruritus) Pain in the affected area of the skin. Insomnia Red (erythematous) patches scattered over the skin of the trunk and the extremities Weight loss Lymphadenopathy Malaise and fatigue Anemia May progress to Sezary syndrome (Skin involvement plus hematogenous dissemination)					Cutaneous manifestaions
	Peripheral T-cell lymphoma	Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma
		Hepatosplenic gamma-delta T-cell lymphoma
		Enteropathy-type intestinal T-cell lymphoma
		Extranodal T-cell lymphoma, nasal type
		Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma
		Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified