Breast lumps risk factors: Difference between revisions
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__NOTOC__ | __NOTOC__ | ||
{{Breast lumps}} | {{Breast lumps}} | ||
{{CMG}} {{AE}} {{S.M}} | {{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{S.M}} | ||
==Risk Factors== | ==Risk Factors== | ||
Risk factors leading to [[female]] [[breast cancer]]:<ref name="pmid25114845">{{cite journal| author=Shah R, Rosso K, Nathanson SD| title=Pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. | journal=World J Clin Oncol | year= 2014 | volume= 5 | issue= 3 | pages= 283-98 | pmid=25114845 | doi=10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.283 | pmc=4127601 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=25114845 }} </ref><ref name="pmid11172156">{{cite journal| author=Clemons M, Goss P| title=Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 2001 | volume= 344 | issue= 4 | pages= 276-85 | pmid=11172156 | doi=10.1056/NEJM200101253440407 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11172156 }}</ref> | |||
* [[Age]]: probability of [[Breast cancer|breast cance]]<nowiki/>r | * [[Age]]: probability of [[Breast cancer|breast cance]]<nowiki/>r during the age groups is as follows: | ||
* | ** Birth to 39 years - 1 in 202 | ||
*Breast [[pathology]]: PD with [[atypia]] has greater risk of developing to [[breast cancer]] in comparison of PD. | ** <nowiki/>40 to 59 years - 1 in 26 | ||
*[[Family history]]: | ** 60 t<nowiki/>o 69 years - 1 in 28. | ||
* P<nowiki/>ersonal history of [[benign]] breas<nowiki/>t biopsy associated with [[relative risk]] of 1.7 and history of atypical [[hyperplasia]] on biopsy with [[relative risk]] of 3.7. | |||
*Breast [[pathology]]: Proliferative disease (PD) with [[atypia]] has greater risk of developing to [[breast cancer]] in comparison of PD. | |||
*[[Family history]]: Greater [[breast cancer]] risk in women with first-degree relatives with [[breast cancer]] under 50 years old. | |||
*[[Genetic]] predisposition | *[[Genetic]] predisposition | ||
**High risk | **High risk (associated with [[relative risk]] about 3.0 to 7.0) | ||
*** [[BRCA1]] | *** [[BRCA1]] | ||
***[[BRCA2]] | ***[[BRCA2]] | ||
| Line 20: | Line 23: | ||
***[[BRCA2]] modifier gene: [[PALB2]] | ***[[BRCA2]] modifier gene: [[PALB2]] | ||
** Low risk | ** Low risk | ||
***These [[alleles]] have not designated yet | ***These [[alleles]] have not designated yet | ||
These factors may increase risk of developing [[Breast Cancer|breast cancers]] | * Endogenous hormone exposure and reproductive factors: | ||
* [[Alcohol]] consumption | |||
*Recreational exercise | ** Early [[menarche]]: Under age of 13 years | ||
*[[Obesity]] | **[[Parity]]: Nulliparus is associated with increased risk of [[breast cancer]] | ||
*Previous history of [[radiation]] | **Age at first [[full term]] [[pregnancy]]: Younger age ( under 20 years considered as low risk and after 30 years old considered as high risk ) may decrease risk of [[breast cancer]] | ||
**[[Breast feeding]] > 16 months decreased risk of [[breast cancer]] | |||
** [[Testosterone]]: Increased [[relative risk]] to 2.86-3.28 | |||
**[[Age]] at [[menopause]]: Older [[menopausal]] [[age]] (aged > 55 years ) associated with greater risk of [[breast cancer]] | |||
* Exogenous hormone exposure | |||
**Long term exposure> 5 years: increases chances of [[breast cancer]] | |||
**Time of usage: nearly [[menopausal]] [[age]] associated with development to [[breast cancer]] | |||
**Part or current use of [[contraceptive]] pills: [[relative risk]] of 1.07 to 1.2 | |||
**Current use of [[hormonal replacement therapy]]: [[relative risk]] of 1.2 | |||
* [[Lifestyle]]: These factors may increase risk of developing [[Breast Cancer|breast cancers]]. | |||
** [[Alcohol]] consumption: approximately 2 to 5 drinks per day, developed with [[relative risk]] 1.4 | |||
**Recreational exercise: [[relative risk]] of 0.70 | |||
**[[Obesity]]: [[BMI|BMI]] = 25-29.9 and [[BMI]] >30 have [[relative risk]] of 1.28 | |||
**Previous history of [[radiation]]: at the [[age]] < 35 years old | |||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 20:45, 2 January 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Shadan Mehraban, M.D.[2]
Risk Factors
Risk factors leading to female breast cancer:[1][2]
- Age: probability of breast cancer during the age groups is as follows:
- Birth to 39 years - 1 in 202
- 40 to 59 years - 1 in 26
- 60 to 69 years - 1 in 28.
- Personal history of benign breast biopsy associated with relative risk of 1.7 and history of atypical hyperplasia on biopsy with relative risk of 3.7.
- Breast pathology: Proliferative disease (PD) with atypia has greater risk of developing to breast cancer in comparison of PD.
- Family history: Greater breast cancer risk in women with first-degree relatives with breast cancer under 50 years old.
- Genetic predisposition
- High risk (associated with relative risk about 3.0 to 7.0)
- Moderate risk
- Homozygous ataxia-telangiectasia (ATM)
- Somatic mutation in CHEK2
- BRCA1 modifier gene: BRIP1
- BRCA2 modifier gene: PALB2
- Low risk
- These alleles have not designated yet
- Endogenous hormone exposure and reproductive factors:
- Early menarche: Under age of 13 years
- Parity: Nulliparus is associated with increased risk of breast cancer
- Age at first full term pregnancy: Younger age ( under 20 years considered as low risk and after 30 years old considered as high risk ) may decrease risk of breast cancer
- Breast feeding > 16 months decreased risk of breast cancer
- Testosterone: Increased relative risk to 2.86-3.28
- Age at menopause: Older menopausal age (aged > 55 years ) associated with greater risk of breast cancer
- Exogenous hormone exposure
- Long term exposure> 5 years: increases chances of breast cancer
- Time of usage: nearly menopausal age associated with development to breast cancer
- Part or current use of contraceptive pills: relative risk of 1.07 to 1.2
- Current use of hormonal replacement therapy: relative risk of 1.2
- Lifestyle: These factors may increase risk of developing breast cancers.
- Alcohol consumption: approximately 2 to 5 drinks per day, developed with relative risk 1.4
- Recreational exercise: relative risk of 0.70
- Obesity: BMI = 25-29.9 and BMI >30 have relative risk of 1.28
- Previous history of radiation: at the age < 35 years old
References
- ↑ Shah R, Rosso K, Nathanson SD (2014). "Pathogenesis, prevention, diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer". World J Clin Oncol. 5 (3): 283–98. doi:10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.283. PMC 4127601. PMID 25114845.
- ↑ Clemons M, Goss P (2001). "Estrogen and the risk of breast cancer". N Engl J Med. 344 (4): 276–85. doi:10.1056/NEJM200101253440407. PMID 11172156.