Astrocytoma other diagnostic studies: Difference between revisions
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==Other Diagnostic Studies== | ==Other Diagnostic Studies== | ||
Biopsy is helpful in the diagnosis of astrocytomas: | Biopsy is helpful in the diagnosis of astrocytomas:<ref name="pmid11465400">{{cite journal |vauthors=Jackson RJ, Fuller GN, Abi-Said D, Lang FF, Gokaslan ZL, Shi WM, Wildrick DM, Sawaya R |title=Limitations of stereotactic biopsy in the initial management of gliomas |journal=Neuro-oncology |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=193–200 |date=July 2001 |pmid=11465400 |pmc=1920616 |doi=10.1093/neuonc/3.3.193 |url=}}</ref> | ||
* Astrocytomas are histologically heterogenous | * Astrocytomas are histologically heterogenous | ||
* Obtaining small specimen from astrocytomas might lead to false diagnosis. | * Obtaining small specimen from astrocytomas might lead to false diagnosis. | ||
* For lesions with areas of contrast enhancement the specimen should be obtained from those areas. | * For lesions with areas of contrast enhancement the specimen should be obtained from those areas. | ||
* For lesions with no intra-tumor enhancement the specimen should be obtained from the center of the tumor. | * For lesions with no intra-tumor enhancement the specimen should be obtained from the center of the tumor. | ||
Pathological findings diagnostic of astrocytoma include | Pathological findings diagnostic of astrocytoma include:<ref name=":0">{{cite book | last = Mattle | first = Heinrich | title = Fundamentals of neurology : an illustrated guide | publisher = Thieme | location = Stuttgart New York | year = 2017 | isbn = 9783131364524 }}</ref> | ||
* Grade 1: Cells appearance is normal and growth rate is slow. | |||
* Grade 2: There might be some atypical cells inside tumor. Mitosis rate is relatively slow. | |||
* Grade 3 and 4: Tumor cells are anaplastic and malignant with high mitosis rate. | |||
Molecular findings diagnostic of astrocytoma include: | Molecular findings diagnostic of astrocytoma include: | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Fahimeh Shojaei, M.D.
Overview
Other Diagnostic Studies
Biopsy is helpful in the diagnosis of astrocytomas:[1]
- Astrocytomas are histologically heterogenous
- Obtaining small specimen from astrocytomas might lead to false diagnosis.
- For lesions with areas of contrast enhancement the specimen should be obtained from those areas.
- For lesions with no intra-tumor enhancement the specimen should be obtained from the center of the tumor.
Pathological findings diagnostic of astrocytoma include:[2]
- Grade 1: Cells appearance is normal and growth rate is slow.
- Grade 2: There might be some atypical cells inside tumor. Mitosis rate is relatively slow.
- Grade 3 and 4: Tumor cells are anaplastic and malignant with high mitosis rate.
Molecular findings diagnostic of astrocytoma include:
| • Stem cell • Precursor cell • Glial cell | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| IDH1 mutation | • 10q loss • PTEN mutation • EGFR overexpression • MDM2 overexpression | • KIAA1549-BRAF fusion • MAPK/ERK abnormalities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| • p53 mutation • PDGF/PDGFRA overexpression | Primary glioblastoma grade IV | Pilocytic astrocytoma grade I | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diffuse astrocytoma grade II | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Chr 19q loss | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Anaplastic astocytoma grade III | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 10q loss | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Glioblastoma (secondary) grade IV | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
References
- ↑ Jackson RJ, Fuller GN, Abi-Said D, Lang FF, Gokaslan ZL, Shi WM, Wildrick DM, Sawaya R (July 2001). "Limitations of stereotactic biopsy in the initial management of gliomas". Neuro-oncology. 3 (3): 193–200. doi:10.1093/neuonc/3.3.193. PMC 1920616. PMID 11465400.
- ↑ Mattle, Heinrich (2017). Fundamentals of neurology : an illustrated guide. Stuttgart New York: Thieme. ISBN 9783131364524.