Carcinoid syndrome echocardiography or ultrasound: Difference between revisions
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==Echocardiography== | ==Echocardiography== | ||
=Transthoracic echocardiography= | =Transthoracic echocardiography= | ||
*It is the gold standard for diagnosis and follow-up of carcinoid heart disease.<ref name="pmid7681733">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pellikka PA, Tajik AJ, Khandheria BK, Seward JB, Callahan JA, Pitot HC, Kvols LK |title=Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients |journal=Circulation |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=1188–96 |date=April 1993 |pmid=7681733 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *It is the gold standard for diagnosis and follow-up of carcinoid heart disease.<ref name="pmid7681733">{{cite journal |vauthors=Pellikka PA, Tajik AJ, Khandheria BK, Seward JB, Callahan JA, Pitot HC, Kvols LK |title=Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients |journal=Circulation |volume=87 |issue=4 |pages=1188–96 |date=April 1993 |pmid=7681733 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref name="StougiannosMichas2017">{{cite journal|last1=Stougiannos|first1=Pavlos|last2=Michas|first2=George|last3=Evdoridis|first3=Constantinos|last4=Arapantoni-Dadioti|first4=Petroula|last5=Tolios|first5=Panagiotis|last6=Kaplanis|first6=Ioannis|last7=Trikas|first7=Athanasios|title=Carcinoid heart disease in an elderly female patient: the value of transthoracic echocardiography|journal=Hellenic Journal of Cardiology|volume=58|issue=1|year=2017|pages=65–68|issn=11099666|doi=10.1016/j.hjc.2017.01.018}}</ref> | ||
*Should be performed in all patients with carcinoid syndrome and high suspicion of carcinoid heart disease such as clinical features or raised NT-proBNP and/or 5-HIAA levels. | *Should be performed in all patients with carcinoid syndrome and high suspicion of carcinoid heart disease such as clinical features or raised NT-proBNP and/or 5-HIAA levels. | ||
*Findings includes followings: | *Findings includes followings: | ||
#Thickening and retraction of immobile tricuspid valve leaflets with associated tricuspid regurgitation, which is severe at the time of identification in 90 percent of patients. | #Thickening and retraction of immobile tricuspid valve leaflets with associated tricuspid regurgitation, which is severe at the time of identification in 90 percent of patients. | ||
#Immobility of the pulmonary valve cusps. | #Immobility of the pulmonary valve cusps. | ||
=Transesophageal echocardiography= | =Transesophageal echocardiography= | ||
*TEE is primarily used intraoperatively to image the patient with carcinoid heart disease during valve replacement surgery. | *TEE is primarily used intraoperatively to image the patient with carcinoid heart disease during valve replacement surgery. | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Parminder Dhingra, M.D. [2]
Overview
Trans-thoracic echocardiography findings include thickening and retraction of immobile tricuspid valve leaflets with associated tricuspid regurgitation and immobility of the pulmonary valve cusps. Trans-esophageal echoardiography findings provide incremental assessment of the degree of cardiac valve involvement and the atrial septal anatomy in patients with carcinoid heart disease.
Echocardiography
Transthoracic echocardiography
- Should be performed in all patients with carcinoid syndrome and high suspicion of carcinoid heart disease such as clinical features or raised NT-proBNP and/or 5-HIAA levels.
- Findings includes followings:
- Thickening and retraction of immobile tricuspid valve leaflets with associated tricuspid regurgitation, which is severe at the time of identification in 90 percent of patients.
- Immobility of the pulmonary valve cusps.
Transesophageal echocardiography
- TEE is primarily used intraoperatively to image the patient with carcinoid heart disease during valve replacement surgery.
- TEE may provide incremental assessment of the degree of cardiac valve involvement and the atrial septal anatomy in patients with carcinoid heart disease.
Cardiac magnetic resonance
- It can be used to evaluate the pulmonary valve, identify cardiac metastases, and assess right ventricular size and function.[3]
References
- ↑ Pellikka PA, Tajik AJ, Khandheria BK, Seward JB, Callahan JA, Pitot HC, Kvols LK (April 1993). "Carcinoid heart disease. Clinical and echocardiographic spectrum in 74 patients". Circulation. 87 (4): 1188–96. PMID 7681733.
- ↑ Stougiannos, Pavlos; Michas, George; Evdoridis, Constantinos; Arapantoni-Dadioti, Petroula; Tolios, Panagiotis; Kaplanis, Ioannis; Trikas, Athanasios (2017). "Carcinoid heart disease in an elderly female patient: the value of transthoracic echocardiography". Hellenic Journal of Cardiology. 58 (1): 65–68. doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2017.01.018. ISSN 1109-9666.
- ↑ Bastarrika G, Cao MG, Cano D, Barba J, de Buruaga JD (2005). "Magnetic resonance imaging diagnosis of carcinoid heart disease". J Comput Assist Tomogr. 29 (6): 756–9. PMID 16272847.