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==Overview==
==Overview==
The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.
The exact pathogenesis of Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is not fully understood. Some cytogenic abnormalities like trisomy 7,8,9,21, deletion 11q, 20q6,7  may be seen in patients
 
OR
 
It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].
 
OR
 
[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.
 
OR
 
Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.
 
OR
 
 
[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].
 
OR


The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].
OR
The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.


==Pathophysiology==
==Pathophysiology==

Revision as of 15:29, 21 January 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of Chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL) is not fully understood. Some cytogenic abnormalities like trisomy 7,8,9,21, deletion 11q, 20q6,7 may be seen in patients

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

Pathophysiology

Pathogenesis

  • It is understood that clonality has a role in the pathogenesis of CNL.[1]
  • The cytogenetic abnormalities may be seen in CNL patients are:[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
    • Specific ones:
      • Trisomy 8
      • Trisomy 21
      • Deletion 11q
      • Deletion 20q6
    • non-specific ones:
      • Deletion Y
      • Trisomy 7
      • Trisomy 9
      • Detection of JAK2V617F
  • The progression to CNL usually involves the CSF3R mutation. CSF3R encodes the receptor of CSF3 that is neutrophilic growth factor. This mutation causes autonomous cell proliferation.[9][10]

Genetics

The development of CNL is the result of multiple genetic mutations such as:[11][2][12][13][14][15][16]

  • CSF3R
  • SETBP1
  • ASXL1
  • TET2
  • EZH2,
  • KDM6A

Associated Conditions

Conditions associated with CNL include:[17][18][19][20][21][22]

  • Polycythemia vera
  • Plasma cell disorders:
    • Multiple myeloma
    • Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
    • Plasmacytoma
  • nephrotic syndrome

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

References

  1. ↑ J. Bohm, S. Kock, H. E. Schaefer & P. Fisch (2003). "Evidence of clonality in chronic neutrophilic leukaemia". Journal of clinical pathology. 56 (4): 292–295. PMID 12663642. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Elliott, Michelle A.; Pardanani, Animesh; Hanson, Curtis A.; Lasho, Terra L.; Finke, Christy M.; Belachew, Alem A.; Tefferi, Ayalew (2015). "ASXL1mutations are frequent and prognostically detrimental inCSF3R-mutated chronic neutrophilic leukemia". American Journal of Hematology. 90 (7): 653–656. doi:10.1002/ajh.24031. ISSN 0361-8609.
  3. ↑ John T. Reilly (2002). "Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia: a distinct clinical entity?". British journal of haematology. 116 (1): 10–18. PMID 11841395. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  4. ↑ Piliotis, E.; Kutas, G.; Lipton, J.H. (2009). "Allogeneic Bone Marrow Transplantation in the Management of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 43 (10): 2051–2054. doi:10.1080/1042819021000016087. ISSN 1042-8194.
  5. ↑ Elliott, M A; Hanson, C A; Dewald, G W; Smoley, S A; Lasho, T L; Tefferi, A (2004). "WHO-defined chronic neutrophilic leukemia: a long-term analysis of 12 cases and a critical review of the literature". Leukemia. 19 (2): 313–317. doi:10.1038/sj.leu.2403562. ISSN 0887-6924.
  6. ↑ Donato, Carlo Di; Croci, Gianfranco; Lazzari, Stefano; Scarduelli, Laura; Vignoli, Roberto; Buia, Marco; Tramaloni, Casimiro; Maccari, Sergio; Plancher, Angelo Cesare (1986). "Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia: Description of a New Case with Karyotypic Abnormalities". American Journal of Clinical Pathology. 85 (3): 369–371. doi:10.1093/ajcp/85.3.369. ISSN 1943-7722.
  7. ↑ Michelle A. Elliott (2004). "Chronic neutrophilic leukemia: a contemporary review". Current hematology reports. 3 (3): 210–217. PMID 15087070. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  8. ↑ Donald P. Mc Lornan, Melanie J. Percy, Amy V. Jones, Nicholas C. P. Cross & Mary Frances Mc Mullin (2005). "Chronic neutrophilic leukemia with an associated V617F JAK2 tyrosine kinase mutation". Haematologica. 90 (12): 1696–1697. PMID 16330446. Unknown parameter |month= ignored (help)
  9. ↑ Beekman, R.; Valkhof, M. G.; Sanders, M. A.; van Strien, P. M. H.; Haanstra, J. R.; Broeders, L.; Geertsma-Kleinekoort, W. M.; Veerman, A. J. P.; Valk, P. J. M.; Verhaak, R. G.; Lowenberg, B.; Touw, I. P. (2012). "Sequential gain of mutations in severe congenital neutropenia progressing to acute myeloid leukemia". Blood. 119 (22): 5071–5077. doi:10.1182/blood-2012-01-406116. ISSN 0006-4971.
  10. ↑ Dong, Fan; Brynes, Russell K.; Tidow, Nicola; Welte, Karl; Löwenberg, Bob; Touw, Ivo P. (1995). "Mutations in the Gene for the Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating–Factor Receptor in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Preceded by Severe Congenital Neutropenia". New England Journal of Medicine. 333 (8): 487–493. doi:10.1056/NEJM199508243330804. ISSN 0028-4793.
  11. ↑ Pardanani, A; Lasho, T L; Laborde, R R; Elliott, M; Hanson, C A; Knudson, R A; Ketterling, R P; Maxson, J E; Tyner, J W; Tefferi, A (2013). "CSF3R T618I is a highly prevalent and specific mutation in chronic neutrophilic leukemia". Leukemia. 27 (9): 1870–1873. doi:10.1038/leu.2013.122. ISSN 0887-6924.
  12. ↑ Maxson, Julia E.; Gotlib, Jason; Pollyea, Daniel A.; Fleischman, Angela G.; Agarwal, Anupriya; Eide, Christopher A.; Bottomly, Daniel; Wilmot, Beth; McWeeney, Shannon K.; Tognon, Cristina E.; Pond, J. Blake; Collins, Robert H.; Goueli, Basem; Oh, Stephen T.; Deininger, Michael W.; Chang, Bill H.; Loriaux, Marc M.; Druker, Brian J.; Tyner, Jeffrey W. (2013). "Oncogenic CSF3R Mutations in Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia and Atypical CML". New England Journal of Medicine. 368 (19): 1781–1790. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1214514. ISSN 0028-4793.
  13. ↑ Gotlib, J.; Maxson, J. E.; George, T. I.; Tyner, J. W. (2013). "The new genetics of chronic neutrophilic leukemia and atypical CML: implications for diagnosis and treatment". Blood. 122 (10): 1707–1711. doi:10.1182/blood-2013-05-500959. ISSN 0006-4971.
  14. ↑ Meggendorfer, M.; Haferlach, T.; Alpermann, T.; Jeromin, S.; Haferlach, C.; Kern, W.; Schnittger, S. (2014). "Specific molecular mutation patterns delineate chronic neutrophilic leukemia, atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, and chronic myelomonocytic leukemia". Haematologica. 99 (12): e244–e246. doi:10.3324/haematol.2014.113159. ISSN 0390-6078.
  15. ↑ Cui, Yajuan; Li, Bing; Gale, Robert Peter; Jiang, Qian; Xu, Zefeng; Qin, Tiejun; Zhang, Peihong; Zhang, Yue; Xiao, Zhijian (2014). "CSF3R, SETBP1 and CALR mutations in chronic neutrophilic leukemia". Journal of Hematology & Oncology. 7 (1). doi:10.1186/s13045-014-0077-1. ISSN 1756-8722.
  16. ↑ Dao, K.-H. T.; Tyner, J. W. (2015). "What's different about atypical CML and chronic neutrophilic leukemia?". Hematology. 2015 (1): 264–271. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.264. ISSN 1520-4391.
  17. ↑ Rending Wang, Hongyan Tong, Huiping Wang, Zhimin Chen, Lijun Wang & Jianghua Chen (2014). "Nephrotic syndrome related to chronic neutrophilic leukemia". Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan). 53 (21): 2505–2509. PMID 25366011.
  18. ↑ Bain, Barbara J.; Ahmad, Shahzaib (2015). "Chronic neutrophilic leukaemia and plasma cell-related neutrophilic leukaemoid reactions". British Journal of Haematology. 171 (3): 400–410. doi:10.1111/bjh.13600. ISSN 0007-1048.
  19. ↑ Higuchi, Takakazu; Oba, Remi; Endo, Mitsue; Harada, Hiroshi; Mori, Hiraku; Niikura, Haruo; Omine, Mitsuhiro; Fujita, Kazuhiro (2009). "Transition of Polycythemia Vera to Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 33 (1–2): 203–206. doi:10.3109/10428199909093744. ISSN 1042-8194.
  20. ↑ Lee, Seung Soon; Moon, Joon Ho; Ha, Jun Wook; Lee, Young Kyung; Ahn, Jin Seok; Zang, Dae Young; Kim, Hyo Jung (2004). "A Case of Transition of Polycythemia Vera to Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia". The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 19 (4): 285–288. doi:10.3904/kjim.2004.19.4.285. ISSN 1226-3303.
  21. ↑ Cehreli, Cavit; Undar, Bulent; Akkoc, Nurullah; Onvural, Banu; Altungoz, Oguz (1994). "Coexistence of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia with Light Chain Myeloma". Acta Haematologica. 91 (1): 32–34. doi:10.1159/000204241. ISSN 0001-5792.
  22. ↑ DinÇol, GünÇağ; NalÇacI, Meliha; Doğan, Öner; Aktan, Melih; KüÇükkaya, Reyhan; Ağan, Mehmet; DinÇol, Koray (2009). "Coexistence of Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia with Multiple Myeloma". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 43 (3): 649–651. doi:10.1080/10428190290012218. ISSN 1042-8194.

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