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| ==Differential Diagnosis== | | ==Differential Diagnosis== |
| Bladder cancer must be differentiated from: | | Bladder cancer must be differentiated from: |
| * [[Renal cancer]] | | * [[Renal cancer]] |
| * [[Renal stones]] | | * [[Renal stones]] |
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Line 15: |
| * [[Prostatitis]] | | * [[Prostatitis]] |
| * [[Pyelonephritis]] | | * [[Pyelonephritis]] |
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| <ref name="pmid17573742">{{cite journal| author=Laurell H, Hansson LE, Gunnarsson U| title=Acute diverticulitis--clinical presentation and differential diagnostics. | journal=Colorectal Dis | year= 2007 | volume= 9 | issue= 6 | pages= 496-501; discussion 501-2 | pmid=17573742 | doi=10.1111/j.1463-1318.2006.01162.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17573742 }} </ref><ref>Hardin, M. Acute Appendicitis: Review and Update. ''Am Fam Physician".1999, Nov 1;60(7):2027-2034''</ref><ref name="pmid8596552">{{cite journal| author=Hanauer SB| title=Inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1996 | volume= 334 | issue= 13 | pages= 841-8 | pmid=8596552 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199603283341307 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8596552 }} </ref><ref name="hhh">Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016</ref><ref name="nlm">Prostatitis - bacterial. NLM Medline Plus 2016. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000519.htm. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid27107781">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ford GW, Decker CF |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=Dis Mon |volume=62 |issue=8 |pages=301–5 |year=2016 |pmid=27107781 |doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.015 |url=}}</ref> | | <ref name="pmid17573742">{{cite journal| author=Laurell H, Hansson LE, Gunnarsson U| title=Acute diverticulitis--clinical presentation and differential diagnostics. | journal=Colorectal Dis | year= 2007 | volume= 9 | issue= 6 | pages= 496-501; discussion 501-2 | pmid=17573742 | doi=10.1111/j.1463-1318.2006.01162.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17573742 }} </ref><ref>Hardin, M. Acute Appendicitis: Review and Update. ''Am Fam Physician".1999, Nov 1;60(7):2027-2034''</ref><ref name="pmid8596552">{{cite journal| author=Hanauer SB| title=Inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1996 | volume= 334 | issue= 13 | pages= 841-8 | pmid=8596552 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199603283341307 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8596552 }} </ref><ref name="hhh">Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016</ref><ref name="nlm">Prostatitis - bacterial. NLM Medline Plus 2016. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000519.htm. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid27107781">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ford GW, Decker CF |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=Dis Mon |volume=62 |issue=8 |pages=301–5 |year=2016 |pmid=27107781 |doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.015 |url=}}</ref> |
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| * Vaginal discharge | | * Vaginal discharge |
| |}
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| *The differential diagnoses of Cystitis include:<ref name="pmid11989635">{{cite journal| author=Bremnor JD, Sadovsky R| title=Evaluation of dysuria in adults. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 2002 | volume= 65 | issue= 8 | pages= 1589-96 | pmid=11989635 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=11989635 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9606306">{{cite journal| author=Kurowski K| title=The woman with dysuria. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 1998 | volume= 57 | issue= 9 | pages= 2155-64, 2169-70 | pmid=9606306 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9606306 }} </ref><ref name="pmid15443228">{{cite journal| author=IMMERGUT S, COTTLER ZR| title=Mucin producing adenocarcinoma of the bladder associated with cystitis follicularis and glandularis. | journal=Urol Cutaneous Rev | year= 1950 | volume= 54 | issue= 9 | pages= 531-4 | pmid=15443228 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=15443228 }} </ref>
| |
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| *[[Acute pyelonephritis]]
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| *[[Ureteritis]]
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| *[[Urethritis]]
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| *[[Prostatitis]]
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| *[[Vulvovaginitis]]
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| *[[Cervicitis]]
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| *[[Urethral stricture]]s or diverticula
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| *[[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]
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| *[[Syphilis]]
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| *Genital [[Herpes]]
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| *[[Neoplasm]]s such as [[renal cell carcinoma]] and cancers of the bladder, prostate, and penis
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| Cystitis must also be differentiated from sexually transmitted diseases, such as [[syphilis]].<ref name="Workowski-2010">{{Cite journal | last1 = Workowski | first1 = KA. | last2 = Berman | first2 = S. | last3 = Workowski | first3 = KA. | last4 = Bauer | first4 = H. | last5 = Bachman | first5 = L. | last6 = Burstein | first6 = G. | last7 = Eckert | first7 = L. | last8 = Geisler | first8 = WM. | last9 = Ghanem | first9 = K. | title = Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2010. | journal = MMWR Recomm Rep | volume = 59 | issue = RR-12 | pages = 1-110 | month = Dec | year = 2010 | doi = | PMID = 21160459 }}</ref>
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| Cystitis can be differentiated from other diseases that cause lower urinary tract irritation symptoms, such as: ''[[dysuria]]'', ''[[urgency]]'' and ''[[frequency]]'' in addition to ''urethral dyscharge'' , the differential list include: '''[[urethritis]]''', '''[[cervicitis]]''', '''[[vaginitis|vulvovaginitis]]''', '''[[Epididymo-orchitis|epididimitis]]''', '''[[prostatitis]]''' , and '''[[syphilis]]'''.<ref name="pmid9606306">{{cite journal| author=Kurowski K| title=The woman with dysuria. | journal=Am Fam Physician | year= 1998 | volume= 57 | issue= 9 | pages= 2155-64, 2169-70 | pmid=9606306 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9606306 }} </ref><ref name="MooreSeward2006">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Zack S|last2=Seward|first2=Jane F|last3=Lane|first3=J Michael|title=Smallpox|journal=The Lancet|volume=367|issue=9508|year=2006|pages=425–435|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9}}</ref><ref name="pmid8801649">{{cite journal |vauthors=Taylor-Robinson D |title=The history of nongonococcal urethritis. Thomas Parran Award Lecture |journal=Sex Transm Dis |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=86–91 |year=1996 |pmid=8801649 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last = Bennett |first = John |title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases |publisher = Elsevier/Saunders |location = Philadelphia, PA |year = 2015 |isbn=9781455748013}}</ref>
| |
|
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| {| style="border: 0px; font-size: 90%; margin: 3px;" align="center"
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| |+
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| ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 120px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Disease}}
| |
| ! style="background: #4479BA; width: 550px;" | {{fontcolor|#FFF|Findings}}
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Cystitis]]'''
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" | Bladder inflammation, Features with increased frequency and urgency, [[dysuria]], and suprapubic pain. Is more common among women. [[E.coli]] is the most common pathogen<ref>{{Cite journal
| |
| | author = [[Stephen Bent]], [[Brahmajee K. Nallamothu]], [[David L. Simel]], [[Stephan D. Fihn]] & [[Sanjay Saint]]
| |
| | title = Does this woman have an acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection?
| |
| | journal = [[JAMA]]
| |
| | volume = 287
| |
| | issue = 20
| |
| | pages = 2701–2710
| |
| | year = 2002
| |
| | month = May
| |
| | pmid = 12020306
| |
| }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| |
| | author = [[W. E. Stamm]]
| |
| | title = Etiology and management of the acute urethral syndrome
| |
| | journal = [[Sexually transmitted diseases]]
| |
| | volume = 8
| |
| | issue = 3
| |
| | pages = 235–238
| |
| | year = 1981
| |
| | month = July-September
| |
| | pmid = 7292216
| |
| }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| |
| | author = [[W. E. Stamm]], [[K. F. Wagner]], [[R. Amsel]], [[E. R. Alexander]], [[M. Turck]], [[G. W. Counts]] & [[K. K. Holmes]]
| |
| | title = Causes of the acute urethral syndrome in women
| |
| | journal = [[The New England journal of medicine]]
| |
| | volume = 303
| |
| | issue = 8
| |
| | pages = 409–415
| |
| | year = 1980
| |
| | month = August
| |
| | doi = 10.1056/NEJM198008213030801
| |
| | pmid = 6993946
| |
| }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| |
| | author = [[Leonie G. M. Giesen]], [[Grainne Cousins]], [[Borislav D. Dimitrov]], [[Floris A. van de Laar]] & [[Tom Fahey]]
| |
| | title = Predicting acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs
| |
| | journal = [[BMC family practice]]
| |
| | volume = 11
| |
| | pages = 78
| |
| | year = 2010
| |
| | month =
| |
| | doi = 10.1186/1471-2296-11-78
| |
| | pmid = 20969801
| |
| }}</ref>.
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Urethritis]]'''
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |infection of the urethra,causes dysuria and urethral discharge<ref name="pmid8801649">{{cite journal |vauthors=Taylor-Robinson D |title=The history of nongonococcal urethritis. Thomas Parran Award Lecture |journal=Sex Transm Dis |volume=23 |issue=1 |pages=86–91 |year=1996 |pmid=8801649 |doi= |url=}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last = Bennett |first = John |title = Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases |publisher = Elsevier/Saunders |location = Philadelphia, PA |year = 2015 |isbn=9781455748013}}</ref><ref name="pmid20353145">{{cite journal |vauthors=Brill JR |title=Diagnosis and treatment of urethritis in men |journal=Am Fam Physician |volume=81 |issue=7 |pages=873–8 |year=2010 |pmid=20353145 |doi= |url=}}</ref>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[vaginitis|Bacterial vulvovaginitis]]'''
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with dysuria and pruritus, Vaginal discharge and odor are almost always present, caused by [[Gardnerella]] species<ref>{{Cite journal
| |
| | author = [[Daniel V. Landers]], [[Harold C. Wiesenfeld]], [[R. Phillip Heine]], [[Marijane A. Krohn]] & [[Sharon L. Hillier]]
| |
| | title = Predictive value of the clinical diagnosis of lower genital tract infection in women
| |
| | journal = [[American journal of obstetrics and gynecology]]
| |
| | volume = 190
| |
| | issue = 4
| |
| | pages = 1004–1010
| |
| | year = 2004
| |
| | month = April
| |
| | doi = 10.1016/j.ajog.2004.02.015
| |
| | pmid = 15118630
| |
| }}</ref>.
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Cervicitis]]'''
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Often asymptomatic,some women have an abnormal vaginal discharge and vaginal bleeding (especially after sexual intercourse)<ref>{{Cite journal
| |
| | author = [[Kimberly A. Workowski]] & [[Gail A. Bolan]]
| |
| | title = Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015
| |
| | journal = [[MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports / Centers for Disease Control]]
| |
| | volume = 64
| |
| | issue = RR-03
| |
| | pages = 1–137
| |
| | year = 2015
| |
| | month = June
| |
| | pmid = 26042815
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| }}</ref>
| |
| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" | '''[[Prostatitis]]'''
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |bacterial infection of the prostate,causes discomfort during ejaculation<ref>{{Cite journal
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| | author = [[Felix Millan-Rodriguez]], [[J. Palou]], [[Anna Bujons-Tur]], [[Mireia Musquera-Felip]], [[Carlota Sevilla-Cecilia]], [[Marc Serrallach-Orejas]], [[Carlos Baez-Angles]] & [[Humberto Villavicencio-Mavrich]]
| |
| | title = Acute bacterial prostatitis: two different sub-categories according to a previous manipulation of the lower urinary tract
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| | journal = [[World journal of urology]]
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| | volume = 24
| |
| | issue = 1
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| | pages = 45–50
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| | year = 2006
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| | month = February
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| | doi = 10.1007/s00345-005-0040-4
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| | pmid = 16437219
| |
| }}</ref>
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| |-
| |
| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Epididymo-orchitis|Epididymitis]]'''
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with scrotal pain and swelling accompanied by fever and lower urinary tract irritation symptoms([[dysuria]] and frequency)<ref>{{Cite journal
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| | author = [[A. Stewart]], [[S. S. Ubee]] & [[H. Davies]]
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| | title = Epididymo-orchitis
| |
| | journal = [[BMJ (Clinical research ed.)]]
| |
| | volume = 342
| |
| | pages = d1543
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| | year = 2011
| |
| | month =
| |
| | pmid = 21490048
| |
| }}</ref>.
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| |-
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #DCDCDC;" |'''[[Syphilis]]'''
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| | style="padding: 5px 5px; background: #F5F5F5;" |Presents with generalized systemic [[symptoms]] such as [[malaise]], [[fatigue]], [[headache]] and [[fever]]. [[Skin]] eruptions may be subtle and [[asymptomatic]]. It is classically described as 1) non-pruritic bilateral symmetrical mucocutaneous [[rash]]; 2) non-tender regional [[lymphadenopathy]]; 3) condylomata lata; and 4) patchy [[alopecia]].<ref name="MooreSeward2006">{{cite journal|last1=Moore|first1=Zack S|last2=Seward|first2=Jane F|last3=Lane|first3=J Michael|title=Smallpox|journal=The Lancet|volume=367|issue=9508|year=2006|pages=425–435|issn=01406736|doi=10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68143-9}}</ref>
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| |} | | |} |
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