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| Line 7: |
Line 7: |
| ==Differential Diagnosis== | | ==Differential Diagnosis== |
| Bladder cancer must be differentiated from: | | Bladder cancer must be differentiated from: |
| * [[Renal cancer]]
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| * [[Renal stones]]
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| * [[Prostate cancer]]
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| * [[Cystitis]]
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| * [[Glomerulonephritis]]
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| * [[Benign prostatic hyperplasia]]
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| * [[Prostatitis]]
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| * [[Pyelonephritis]]
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|
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|
| <ref name="pmid17573742">{{cite journal| author=Laurell H, Hansson LE, Gunnarsson U| title=Acute diverticulitis--clinical presentation and differential diagnostics. | journal=Colorectal Dis | year= 2007 | volume= 9 | issue= 6 | pages= 496-501; discussion 501-2 | pmid=17573742 | doi=10.1111/j.1463-1318.2006.01162.x | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17573742 }} </ref><ref>Hardin, M. Acute Appendicitis: Review and Update. ''Am Fam Physician".1999, Nov 1;60(7):2027-2034''</ref><ref name="pmid8596552">{{cite journal| author=Hanauer SB| title=Inflammatory bowel disease. | journal=N Engl J Med | year= 1996 | volume= 334 | issue= 13 | pages= 841-8 | pmid=8596552 | doi=10.1056/NEJM199603283341307 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8596552 }} </ref><ref name="hhh">Cystitis-acute. MedlinePlus.https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000526.htm Accessed on February 9, 2016</ref><ref name="nlm">Prostatitis - bacterial. NLM Medline Plus 2016. https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000519.htm. Accessed on March 2, 2016</ref><ref name="pmid27107781">{{cite journal |vauthors=Ford GW, Decker CF |title=Pelvic inflammatory disease |journal=Dis Mon |volume=62 |issue=8 |pages=301–5 |year=2016 |pmid=27107781 |doi=10.1016/j.disamonth.2016.03.015 |url=}}</ref>
| |
|
| |
| {| class="wikitable"
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Diseases
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Symptoms
| |
| ! colspan="3" |Signs
| |
| ! colspan="2" |Diagnosis
| |
| ! rowspan="2" |Other Features
| |
| |-
| |
| !Abdominal pain
| |
| !Bowel habits
| |
| !Rebound tenderness
| |
| !Guarding
| |
| !Genitourinary signs
| |
| !Lab findings
| |
| !Imaging
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Colon carcinoma|Colorectal cancer]]
| |
| |LLQ
| |
| |Constipation
| |
|
| |
| | -
| |
| | -
| |
| | -
| |
| |
| |
| * Serum [[carcino-embryogenic antigen]]
| |
| * Low Vit b12
| |
| * [[Hypercalcemia]]
| |
| |CT scan, x-ray and MRI used to show [[metastasis]]
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Inflammatory bowel disease]]
| |
| |LLQ
| |
| |Bloody diarrhea
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| | -
| |
| | -
| |
| |
| |
| * Leukocytosis
| |
| |
| |
| |[[Colonoscopy]] and tissue sampling are recommended for differentiating between [[Crohn's disease]] and [[ulcerative colitis]].
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Diverticulitis]]
| |
| |LLQ
| |
| |[[Constipation]]
| |
| Or
| |
|
| |
| [[Diarrhea]]
| |
| | -
| |
| | +
| |
| |<nowiki>+ </nowiki>
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Leukocytosis]]
| |
| |CT scan shows evidence of [[inflammation]]
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Appendicitis]]
| |
| |LLQ / RRQ
| |
| |Constipation
| |
| | +
| |
| | +
| |
| | -
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Leukocytosis]]
| |
| |Ultrasound shows evidence of [[inflammation]]
| |
| |[[Nausea and vomiting|Nausea & vomiting]],[[decreased appetite]]
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Strangulated hernia]]
| |
| |LLQ
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |
| |
| * No specific tests
| |
| |
| |
| * CT scan used to detect the [[hernia]] and to show if it is single or multiple
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Urethritis|'''Urethritis''']]
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Neurogenic bladder]]
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |Urethrolithiasis
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Bladder stones]]
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Cervical cancer]]
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |Urethral Cancer
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Cystitis]]
| |
| |LLQ
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |
| |
| * Suprapubic tenderness
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Pyuria]]
| |
| * Presence of [[nitrites]] and leukocyte estrase
| |
| |
| |
| * X ray is done to probe the suspicion of emphysematous cystitis.
| |
| * CT scan shows gas in the [[Urinary bladder|bladder]] in cases of emphysematous cystitis.
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Prostatitis]]
| |
| |LLQ
| |
|
| |
| Groin pain
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |
| |
| * Tender and enlarged
| |
| |
| |
| * Serum [[Prostate specific antigen|PSA]] elevated
| |
| * [[Leukocytosis]]
| |
| * Elevated [[C-reactive protein|CRP]]
| |
| |
| |
| * CT scan shows [[edema]] and enlarged [[prostate]]
| |
| * [[Abscess]] may be observed
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Pelvic inflammatory disease]]
| |
| |Bilateral
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| |
| | -
| |
| |
| |
| * Purulent vaginal discharge
| |
| |
| |
| * [[Nucleic acid amplification technique|Nucleic acid amplification tests]] is the best laboratory test for PID.
| |
| |[[Transvaginal ultrasound|Transvaginal utrasonography]]
| |
| |
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Endometritis]]
| |
| |LLQ
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>-</nowiki>
| |
| |<nowiki>+</nowiki>
| |
| |
| |
| * No specific tests
| |
| |
| |
| * Ultrasound is helpful to rule out other differential diagnosis such as pelvic abscess, thrombosis and masses
| |
| |
| |
| * Vaginal discharge
| |
|
| |
| * Vaginal bleeding
| |
| |-
| |
| |[[Salpingitis]]
| |
| |LLQ/ RLQ
| |
| |
| |
| | +/-
| |
| | +/-
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| * Leukocytosis
| |
| |Pelvic ultrasound
| |
| |
| |
| * Vaginal discharge
| |
| |}
| |
|
| |
|
| ==References== | | ==References== |