Sanbox:Kamal

xray showing femur fracture source:Case courtesy of Dr Andrew Dixon, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 25704

X-ray showing Humerus Fracture source:Case courtesy of Dr Benoudina Samir, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 22063

X-Ray showing Tibial Fracture source:Case courtesy of MD PhD gasssss, Radiopaedia.org, rID: 13768

==References==

Differentiating NHL

Category	Disease		Etiology	Constitutional symptoms	Rash	Abdominal pain	Diarrhea	Mass	Other	WBC	Hb	Plt	Immunochemistry	Histopathology	Gold standard	Associated findings
T cell lymphoma	Precursor T-cell lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma		Precursor T-cell Lymphomas	Fever Fatigue Weight loss Night sweats Skin rash Chest pain									CD3 CD7 TDT	Blast-like cells with scant cytoplasm, convoluted nuclei, fine chromatin, indistinct nucleoli, Some lymphoblasts have cytoplasmic pseudopods		males in their teens to early twenties lymphadenopathy in cervical, supraclavicular, axillary ,and mediastinum In most patients the mediastinal mass is anterior; associated with pleural effusions. Can produce such complications as superior vena cava syndrome, tracheal obstruction, and pericardial effusions
	T-cell granular lymphocytic		clonal proliferation of CD8 T cells Constant immune stimulation Absence of homeostatic apoptosis	Fatigue Lymphadenopathy Fever Enlarged liver and/or spleen Frequent infections Night sweats									CD8 CD57 TCRαβ CD3 CD16 Granzyme b TIA1	Medium / large lymphocytes with abundant cytoplasm having azurophilic granules
	T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia
	Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma		Mature T-cell Lymphoma Human T-lymphotrophic virus 1 infection	Hepatospleanomagaly Hypercalcemia Skin lesions Lytic bone lesions Elevated LDH T-cell deficiency leading immunodeficiency causing opportunistic infection	+					Anemia Thrombocytopenia Elevated lymphocyte count			Adult T-cell leukemia cells are typically CD2, CD4, CD5, and CD8 positive	Charecterstic leukemia cells with sharp nuclear indentations and a prominent nucleoli "Cloverleaf" or "flower" cells		Hypercalcemia
	Anaplastic large cell lymphoma		Mature T-cell Lymphoma	Fever Weight loss Night sweats Skin rash Chest pain Abdominal pain Bone pain	+	+							Strongly immunoreactive for CD30, Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), EMA, and vimentin	Nucleoli tend to be more prominent The cytoplasm may be either basophilic or eosinophilic and the cell might have many nuclei with dispersed or clumped chromatin		Painless swelling in the neck, axilla, groin, thorax, and abdomen
	Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma	Mycosis fungoides / Sézary syndrome	Mature T-cell Lymphoma The tumor cells originate from memory T cells or skin homing CD4+ T cells expressing cutaneous lymphocyte antigen (CLA) and chemokine receptors CCR4and CCR7. It is understood that cutaneous t cell lymphoma (maycosis fungoides, Sezary sydrome ) is the result of malignant T cell that derived from a mature CD41 CD45RO1 memory T cells.	Weight loss Lymphadenopathy Malaise and fatigue Anemia May progress to Sezary syndrome	+	+		Cutaneous manifestations					Beta F1+, CD2-/+, CD3+, CD3- (CD4-positive variant), CD4+ (CD4-positive variant), CD4-, CD5-, CD7+/-, CD8+, CD8- (CD4-positive variant), Granzyme B+, and perforin+	polymorphous inflammatory infiltrate in the dermis that contains small numbers of frankly atypical lymphoid cells These cells may line up individually along the epidermal basal layer The presence of spongiosis is highly suggestive of mycosis fungoides		Epidermal atrophy or poikiloderma Generalized itching(pruritus) Pain in the affected area of the skin. Insomnia Red (erythematous) patches scattered over the skin of the trunk and the extremities
	Peripheral T-cell lymphoma	Subcutaneous panniculitis-like T-cell lymphoma	Mature T-cell Lymphoma	Fever Chills Weight loss Night sweats Myalgias Painless swellings on extremities and trunk									Positive: BetaF1; CD8; CD30; CLA; T-cell intracellular antigen (T1A1); and perforin	atypical lymphoid cells fat necrosis karyorrhexis
		Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma	Mature T-cell Lymphoma Inflammatory bowel disease Organ transplant patients (reciever) Immunosuppresent medications Thiopurines Infliximab Cyclophosphamide Vincristine Doxorubicin	Fever Fatigue Weight loss Night sweats Skin rash Chest pain Abdominal pain Bone pain Painless swelling in the neck, axilla, groin, thorax, and abdomen	+	+							CD2, CD3, CD7, CD16 , CD56 or CD57, TIA1, Granzyme m, Fas ligand,	Intermediate sized tumor cells with clear cytoplasm, oval nuclei, slightly dispersed condensed chromatin, inconspicuous nucleoli
		Enteropathy-type intestinal T-cell lymphoma	Mature T-cell Lymphoma	Fever Weight loss Night sweats Diarrhea Skin rash Chest pain Abdominal pain Bone pain Painless swelling in the neck, axilla, groin, thorax, and abdomen	+	+							CD3+, CD4-, CD5-, CD7+, CD30+, CD56+, CD103+, CD8+/-, and TCR beta+/-	lymphomatous infiltrate with neoplastic large cells May have pleomorphic, multinucleated cells Adjacent mucosa shows villous atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, increased inflammatory cells lymphocytosis
		Extranodal T-cell lymphoma, nasal type	Mature T-cell Lymphoma	Fever Weight loss Night sweats Protrusion of eye Swelling of the face Discharge from the nose Nose bleeds Blockage of the nasal passages Skin rash Chest pain Abdominal pain Bone pain Painless swelling in the neck, axilla, groin, thorax, and abdomen									Cytoplasmic CD3 epsilon, Granzyme B, perforin, CD2, CD56	medium sized tumor cells and polymorphic infiltrate of non-neoplastic inflammatory cells lymphoma cells may be admixed with a polymorphic infiltrate of non-neoplastic inflammatory cells
		Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma	Mature T-cell Lymphoma	fever, weight loss, skin rash, night sweats, edema, chest pain, abdominal pain, bone pain, fatigue, dark urine, shortness of breath, chronic pain, swelling of joints and painless swelling in the neck, axilla, groin, thorax, and abdomen									CD2, CD3, CD4, CD5, CD10, CD20, and focal positivity for CXCL13	leukocytic infiltrate, represented mostly by elongated cells with marked artifactual changes Hyperplastic germinal centers and Reed-Sternberg cells
		Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, unspecified	Mature T-cell Lymphoma	Fatigue Lymphadenopathy (swollen ) Thirst Nausea and vomiting Fever Skin and bone abnormalities Enlarged liver and/or spleen Frequent infections									CD2, CD3, TCR β F1; variable CD4, CD5 and CD7 Occasional CD56 and cytotoxic granule expression	Clear cytoplasm, resemble Reed-Sternberg cells, with irregular, pleomorphic, hyperchromatic or nuclei A lot of mitotic figures; very broad cytologic spectrum