Sandbox: Gertrude

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: , Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[2]

Differential diagnosis of neck masses==

Differential diagnosis of neck masses include:

Category	Diseases		Benign or Malignant	Clinical manifestation								Paraclinical findings			Gold standard diagnosis	Associated findings
				Demography	History	Symptoms		Signs				Lab findings	Histopathology	Imaging
						Pain	Dysphagia	Mass exam	Skin changes	LAP	Others
Congenital	Branchial cleft cyst		Benign
	Thyroglossal duct cyst
	Hemangioma
	Vascular malformations
	Lymphatic malformations
	Laryngocele
	Ranula
	Teratoma
	Dermoid cyst
	Thymic cyst
Category	Diseases		Benign or Malignant	Demography	History	Pain	Dysphagia	Mass exam	Skin changes	LAP	Others	Lab findings	Histopathology	Imaging	Gold standard diagnosis	Associated findings
Inflammatory	Acute sialadenitis
	Chronic sialadenitis
	Reactive viral lymphadenopathy	CMV
		EBV
		HIV
		Viral URI
	Bacterial lymphadenopathy	Tularemia
		Brucellosis
		Cat-scratch disease	Benign		Cat exposure					+
		Actinomycosis	Benign
		Mycobacterial infections	Benign			-		Matted cervical nodes Firm Non-tender		+
		Staphylococcal or streptococcal infection	Benign			-	-	+		+		Gram stain: gram (+) cocci in clusters for Staph Gram (+) cocci in chains for strep Blood Culture: +
	Parasitic lymphadenopathy	Toxoplasma gondii	Benign	6 years and older adults are more affected in U.S. Seen in Hot climates	Cats or birds feces exposure Drinking unpasteurized milk Undercooked food Organ transplant recipients	+	-	Bilateral Non-tender Symmetrical Non-fluctuant	-	+		Serology : + IgG and IgM antibodies	Follicular hyperplasia	MRI: Multiple rings enhanced lesions	Serology Immunofluorescence MRI CT scan
	Sarcoidosis		Benign	More common in African American women aged 20 - 40 years.	Family history of sarcodosis, Fatigue, swelling and pain in the joints,	-	-	Bilateral tender LAD Swollen, non-tender parotid glands	Erythema nodosum, Lupus pernios	+		ESR ACE	Non-caseating granulomas involved in multiple organs.	CXR: B/L hilar adenopathy MRI: B/L multiples enlarged cervical lymph nodes	CT scan of chest Biopsy MRI	Heerfordt's syndrome: uveitis, facial nerve paralysis, parotitis
	Amyloidosis									+					Biopsy
	Sjögren syndrome		Benign	Female to male ratio: 9 to 1 May happen at any age Mean age: 40-50	History of RA, SLE, and non-hodgkin B-cell lymphoma. Dry mouth, dry eyes.	-	+	B/L enlarged parotid glands	Itchy Rashes Dry	+		ESR Anti-SSA/Ro Anti-SSB/La Cytopenia
	Castleman disease (angiofollicular lymphoproliferative disease)
	Kikuchi disease (histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis)									+
	Kimura disease
	Rosai-Dorfman disease
	Kawasaki disease		Benign						Rashes	+
Category	Diseases		Benign or Malignant	Demography	History	Pain	Dysphagia	Mass exam	Skin changes	LAP	Others	Lab findings	Histopathology	Imaging	Gold standard diagnosis	Associated findings
Neoplasm	Primary thyroid tumor
	Salivary gland neoplasm	Pleomorphic adenoma	+
		Warthin's tumor	+
		Lymphoepithelioma	+
		Oncocytoma
		Monomorphic adenoma
		Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
		Adenoid cystic carcinoma
		Adenocarcinoma
		Salivary duct carcinoma
		Squamous cell carcinoma
	Parathyroid tumors
	Carotid body tumors
	Paraganglioma
	Schwannoma
	Lymphoma
	Liposarcoma
	Lipoma
	Glomus vagale, glomus jugulare tumors
	Metastatic head and neck carcinoma
Other	Hematoma
	Arteriovenous fistula
	Goiter
Category	Diseases		Benign	Demography	History	Pain	Dysphagia	Mass exam	Skin changes	LAP	Others	Lab findings	Histopathology	Imaging	Gold standard diagnosis	Associated findings