Sandbox:Affan

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Muhammad Affan M.D.[2]

Surface oral lesions
Oral lesions		Appearance	Associated conditions	Location	Microscopic	Image
White Lesions	Leukoedema	White or whitish grey edematous lesion Diffuse or patchy	Variant of normal oral mucosa	Buccal and labial oral mucosa	Intracellular edema or vacuolization of Malpighian cells.
	Fordyce granules	White or yellow discrete papules Symmetrically distributed	Variant of normal oral mucosa	Buccal mucosa Vermillion border of the lips	Similar to normal sebaceous glands of skin Lacks hair follicles and almost always lack ductal communication with surface.
	Benign migratoy glossitis	Red patches with white distinct border Map like appearance	Psoriasis Diabetes Reiter's syndrome Medications such as Oral contraceptive pills and lithium carbonate	Dorsal/Lateral surface of the tongue	Acanthosis with neutrophils throughout epithelium and surface Microabscesses, plus inflammatory infiltrate in lamina propria Resembles psoriasis
	Hairy tongue	Elongated filliform lingual papillae Carpet like appearance	Xerostomia Medications such as anti-psychotics HIV Amyotropic lateral sclerosis	Dorsum of the tongue	Marked elongation and hyperparakeratosis of the filiform papillae
	Hairy leukoplakia	White patches Corrugated in appearance Hairy, hair-like growths Permanent	EBV virus infection Immunosupression	Buccal mucosa Lateral surface of the tongue Floor of the mouth Palate	Hyperkeratotic oral mucosa due to piling of keratotic squamous epithelium Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions Balloon cells with margination of chromatin
	White sponge nevus	White patches of tissue (nevi) Singular or multiple Thickened, velvety, sponge-like appearance	Heriditarary	Buccal mucosa	Parakeratosis, acanthosis Extensive vacuolation Dyskeratotic cells exhibit dense peri and paranuclear eosinophilic condensations Abundant Odland bodies
	Lichen Planus	Reticular or papular lace like white lesions Multiple, Painful	Autoimmune disorders disorders	Posterior buccal mucosa Gingival margin	Hyperkeratosis and acanthosis Granular cell layer, sawtoothing of rete pegs, bandlike chronic inflammatory infiltrate Civatte bodies Artifactual cleft formation No atypia
	Frictional hyperkeratosis	White shaggy plaques Could be easily peeled without any pain leaving normal mucosa	Bite trauma Grinding of the teeth	Buccal mucosa Limited to line of dental occlusion	Hyperkeratinization and acanthosis Smooth, corrugated, or ragged, epthelial surfac with multiple keratin projections
	Leukoplakia	White or grayish in patches that can't be wiped away Irregular or flat-textured Thickened or hardened in areas Along with raised, red lesions (speckled leukoplakia or erythroplakia), which are more likely to show precancerous changes	Smoking		Varies histologically from acanthosis, hyperkeratosis, dysplasia or carcinoma in situ Carcinoma in situ is associated with lymphocytes and macrophages
	Erythroplakia	Fiery red patch Smooth, velvety, granular or nodular lesions	Highest risk of malignant transformation	Soft palate Floor of mouth Ventral surface of tongue and the retromolar area	Thin atrophic epithelium with prominent subepithelial vascularity and inflammation. Almost all erythroplakic lesions contain dysplastic cells
Pigmented lesions		Characterestic features	Associated conditions	Location		Image
Physiologic pigmentation
Ephelis
Oral melanocytic macule
Melanocytic nevus
Oral melanoacanthoma
Smoker's melanosis
Melanoma
Kaposi sarcoma
Addison's disease
Peutz jeghers syndrome
Neurofibromatosis
Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia
Medication induced pigmentation
Amalgam tattoo
Vesicular/Ulcerative oral lesions		Symptoms	characterestic features	Associated conditions		Location	Image
Infections
Autoimmune conditions
Idiopathic conditions

Soft tissue oral lesions
Reactive lesions	Symptoms	Characterstic features	Associated conditions	Location	Image
Leukoedema
Fordyce granules
Hairy tongue
Hairy leukoplakia
White sponge nevus
Lichen planus
Focal keratosis
Tumors		etiology	location	Clinical appearance	Gold standard/Diagnosis	Image
Benign tumors	Epithelial tumors
	Mesenchymal tumors
	Salivary gland tumors
Malignant tumors
Cysts	Gingival cyst
	Lymphoepithelial cyst
	Epidermoid cyst
	Thyroglossal tract cyst
	Nasolabial cyst