Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
*[[Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] is one of the rare subtypes of [[NHL]] accounting just 1-2% of it | *[[Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] is one of the [[rare]] subtypes of [[NHL]] accounting just 1-2% of it | ||
===Prevalence | ===Prevalence=== | ||
* The [[prevalence]] of [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] is estimated to be 1000-1,500 cases in United States annually | * The [[prevalence]] of [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] is [[Estimation|estimated]] to be 1000-1,500 [[Case-based reasoning|cases]] in [[United States]] annually<ref name="pmid22139816">{{cite journal| author=Wang H, Chen Y, Li F, Delasalle K, Wang J, Alexanian R et al.| title=Temporal and geographic variations of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia incidence: a large population-based study. | journal=Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= 3793-800 | pmid=22139816 | doi=10.1002/cncr.26627 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22139816 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9506352">{{cite journal| author=Groves FD, Travis LB, Devesa SS, Ries LA, Fraumeni JF| title=Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: incidence patterns in the United States, 1988-1994. | journal=Cancer | year= 1998 | volume= 82 | issue= 6 | pages= 1078-81 | pmid=9506352 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9506352 }} </ref> | ||
===Incidence | ===Incidence=== | ||
*LPL accounts for approximately 1% to 2% of [[hematologic]] | *LPL accounts for approximately 1% to 2% of [[Hematologic cancer|hematologic cancers]] in [[United States]] and Western Europe<ref name="pmid8219203">{{cite journal| author=Herrinton LJ, Weiss NS| title=Incidence of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Blood | year= 1993 | volume= 82 | issue= 10 | pages= 3148-50 | pmid=8219203 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8219203 }} </ref><ref name="pmid9506352">{{cite journal| author=Groves FD, Travis LB, Devesa SS, Ries LA, Fraumeni JF| title=Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: incidence patterns in the United States, 1988-1994. | journal=Cancer | year= 1998 | volume= 82 | issue= 6 | pages= 1078-81 | pmid=9506352 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9506352 }} </ref> | ||
* | *Worldwide, the overall [[age]]-adjusted [[incidence]] of [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] is 0.38 [[Case-based reasoning|cases]] per 100,000 [[Person|persons]] annually, increasing with [[age]] to 2.85 in [[patients]] above 80 [[Year|years]] (or 5 [[Case-based reasoning|cases]] per 1 million [[Person|persons]] per [[year]])<ref name="pmid23901022">{{cite journal| author=Monge J, Braggio E, Ansell SM| title=Genetic factors and pathogenesis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Curr Oncol Rep | year= 2013 | volume= 15 | issue= 5 | pages= 450-6 | pmid=23901022 | doi=10.1007/s11912-013-0331-7 | pmc=PMC3807757 | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23901022 }} </ref> | ||
*[[Incidence]] of LPL | *[[Incidence]] of LPL is approximately 8.3 [[Case-based reasoning|cases]] per million [[Person|persons]] per [[year]]<ref name="pmid16150940">{{cite journal| author=Morton LM, Wang SS, Devesa SS, Hartge P, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS| title=Lymphoma incidence patterns by WHO subtype in the United States, 1992-2001. | journal=Blood | year= 2006 | volume= 107 | issue= 1 | pages= 265-76 | pmid=16150940 | doi=10.1182/blood-2005-06-2508 | pmc=1895348 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16150940 }} </ref> | ||
*LPL [[incidence]] is approximately 10-fold lower in Asia | *LPL [[incidence]] is approximately 10-fold lower in Asia<ref name="pmid23784625">{{cite journal| author=Iwanaga M, Chiang CJ, Soda M, Lai MS, Yang YW, Miyazaki Y et al.| title=Incidence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia in Japan and Taiwan population-based cancer registries, 1996-2003. | journal=Int J Cancer | year= 2014 | volume= 134 | issue= 1 | pages= 174-80 | pmid=23784625 | doi=10.1002/ijc.28343 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=23784625 }} </ref> | ||
*Majority of LPL patients are Caucasians, with other ethnic groups accounting for only 5 percent of cases | *Majority of LPL [[patients]] are [[Caucasian honey bee|Caucasians]], with other [[Ethnic group|ethnic groups]] accounting for only 5 [[Percentage|percent]] of [[Case-based reasoning|cases]]<ref name="pmid9506352">{{cite journal| author=Groves FD, Travis LB, Devesa SS, Ries LA, Fraumeni JF| title=Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: incidence patterns in the United States, 1988-1994. | journal=Cancer | year= 1998 | volume= 82 | issue= 6 | pages= 1078-81 | pmid=9506352 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9506352 }} </ref> | ||
*The [[age]]-adjusted [[incidence]] | *The [[age]]-adjusted [[incidence rate]] for [[males]] is 0.92 per 100,000 [[person]]-[[Year|years]]<ref name="KyleLarson2018">{{cite journal|last1=Kyle|first1=Robert A.|last2=Larson|first2=Dirk R.|last3=McPhail|first3=Ellen D.|last4=Therneau|first4=Terry M.|last5=Dispenzieri|first5=Angela|last6=Kumar|first6=Shaji|last7=Kapoor|first7=Prashant|last8=Cerhan|first8=James R.|last9=Rajkumar|first9=S. Vincent|title=Fifty-Year Incidence of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, From 1961 Through 2010: A Population-Based Study With Complete Case Capture and Hematopathologic Review|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings|volume=93|issue=6|year=2018|pages=739–746|issn=00256196|doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.011}}</ref> | ||
*The [[age]]-adjusted [[incidence]] | *The [[age]]-adjusted [[incidence rate]] for [[females]] is 0.30 per 100,000 [[person]]-[[Year|years]]<ref name="KyleLarson2018">{{cite journal|last1=Kyle|first1=Robert A.|last2=Larson|first2=Dirk R.|last3=McPhail|first3=Ellen D.|last4=Therneau|first4=Terry M.|last5=Dispenzieri|first5=Angela|last6=Kumar|first6=Shaji|last7=Kapoor|first7=Prashant|last8=Cerhan|first8=James R.|last9=Rajkumar|first9=S. Vincent|title=Fifty-Year Incidence of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, From 1961 Through 2010: A Population-Based Study With Complete Case Capture and Hematopathologic Review|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings|volume=93|issue=6|year=2018|pages=739–746|issn=00256196|doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.011}}</ref> | ||
*Combined [[age]] and sex-adjusted [[incidence]] is 0.57 per 100,000 person-years | *Combined [[age]] and [[Sex (activity)|sex]]-adjusted [[incidence]] is 0.57 per 100,000 [[person]]-[[Year|years]]<ref name="KyleLarson2018">{{cite journal|last1=Kyle|first1=Robert A.|last2=Larson|first2=Dirk R.|last3=McPhail|first3=Ellen D.|last4=Therneau|first4=Terry M.|last5=Dispenzieri|first5=Angela|last6=Kumar|first6=Shaji|last7=Kapoor|first7=Prashant|last8=Cerhan|first8=James R.|last9=Rajkumar|first9=S. Vincent|title=Fifty-Year Incidence of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, From 1961 Through 2010: A Population-Based Study With Complete Case Capture and Hematopathologic Review|journal=Mayo Clinic Proceedings|volume=93|issue=6|year=2018|pages=739–746|issn=00256196|doi=10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.011}}</ref> | ||
===Age | ===Age=== | ||
* The [[incidence]] of [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] increases after 50 years of [[age]] | * The [[incidence]] of [[lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma]] increases after 50 [[Year|years]] of [[age]]<ref name="RF">Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. American Cancer Society (2015)http://www.cancer.org/cancer/waldenstrommacroglobulinemia/detailedguide/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia-risk-factors Accessed on November 6, 2015</ref> | ||
* The median [[age]] at [[diagnosis]] is 65 years | * The [[median]] [[age]] at [[diagnosis]] is 65 [[Year|years]]<ref name="pmid22139816">{{cite journal| author=Wang H, Chen Y, Li F, Delasalle K, Wang J, Alexanian R et al.| title=Temporal and geographic variations of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia incidence: a large population-based study. | journal=Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= 3793-800 | pmid=22139816 | doi=10.1002/cncr.26627 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22139816 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28366781">{{cite journal| author=Yun S, Johnson AC, Okolo ON, Arnold SJ, McBride A, Zhang L et al.| title=Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Review of Pathogenesis and Management. | journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk | year= 2017 | volume= 17 | issue= 5 | pages= 252-262 | pmid=28366781 | doi=10.1016/j.clml.2017.02.028 | pmc=5413391 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28366781 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8219203">{{cite journal| author=Herrinton LJ, Weiss NS| title=Incidence of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Blood | year= 1993 | volume= 82 | issue= 10 | pages= 3148-50 | pmid=8219203 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8219203 }} </ref> | ||
===Gender | ===Gender=== | ||
* [[Men]] are twice more likely than women to develop LPL(5.4 vs. 2.7 per million, respectively) | * [[Men]] are twice more likely than [[Womens Pack|women]] to [[Development|develop]] LPL (5.4 vs. 2.7 per million, respectively) <ref name="pmid22139816">{{cite journal| author=Wang H, Chen Y, Li F, Delasalle K, Wang J, Alexanian R et al.| title=Temporal and geographic variations of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia incidence: a large population-based study. | journal=Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= 3793-800 | pmid=22139816 | doi=10.1002/cncr.26627 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22139816 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28366781">{{cite journal| author=Yun S, Johnson AC, Okolo ON, Arnold SJ, McBride A, Zhang L et al.| title=Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Review of Pathogenesis and Management. | journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk | year= 2017 | volume= 17 | issue= 5 | pages= 252-262 | pmid=28366781 | doi=10.1016/j.clml.2017.02.028 | pmc=5413391 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28366781 }} </ref><ref name="pmid17488966">{{cite journal| author=Giordano TP, Henderson L, Landgren O, Chiao EY, Kramer JR, El-Serag H et al.| title=Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphoproliferative precursor diseases in US veterans with hepatitis C virus. | journal=JAMA | year= 2007 | volume= 297 | issue= 18 | pages= 2010-7 | pmid=17488966 | doi=10.1001/jama.297.18.2010 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=17488966 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8219203">{{cite journal| author=Herrinton LJ, Weiss NS| title=Incidence of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Blood | year= 1993 | volume= 82 | issue= 10 | pages= 3148-50 | pmid=8219203 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8219203 }} </ref> | ||
===Race | ===Race=== | ||
*Higher [[incidence]] in whites (4.1 per million per year) comparative to blacks (1.8 per million per year) and in past 20 years, [[incidence]] in whites has elevated | *Higher [[incidence]] in [[White (mutation)|whites]] (4.1 per million per [[year]]) [[Comparability|comparative]] to [[Black|blacks]] (1.8 per million per [[year]]) and in past 20 [[Year|years]], [[incidence]] in [[White (mutation)|whites]] has elevated<ref name="pmid22139816">{{cite journal| author=Wang H, Chen Y, Li F, Delasalle K, Wang J, Alexanian R et al.| title=Temporal and geographic variations of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia incidence: a large population-based study. | journal=Cancer | year= 2012 | volume= 118 | issue= 15 | pages= 3793-800 | pmid=22139816 | doi=10.1002/cncr.26627 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=22139816 }} </ref><ref name="pmid28366781">{{cite journal| author=Yun S, Johnson AC, Okolo ON, Arnold SJ, McBride A, Zhang L et al.| title=Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Review of Pathogenesis and Management. | journal=Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk | year= 2017 | volume= 17 | issue= 5 | pages= 252-262 | pmid=28366781 | doi=10.1016/j.clml.2017.02.028 | pmc=5413391 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=28366781 }} </ref><ref name="pmid16150940">{{cite journal| author=Morton LM, Wang SS, Devesa SS, Hartge P, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS| title=Lymphoma incidence patterns by WHO subtype in the United States, 1992-2001. | journal=Blood | year= 2006 | volume= 107 | issue= 1 | pages= 265-76 | pmid=16150940 | doi=10.1182/blood-2005-06-2508 | pmc=1895348 | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=16150940 }} </ref><ref name="pmid8219203">{{cite journal| author=Herrinton LJ, Weiss NS| title=Incidence of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. | journal=Blood | year= 1993 | volume= 82 | issue= 10 | pages= 3148-50 | pmid=8219203 | doi= | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8219203 }} </ref> | ||
=== Epidemiology and demographics of Smoldering Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia | === Epidemiology and demographics of Smoldering Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia === | ||
According to a recent study done in 2017, the following data was found out regarding [[epidemiology]] and [[demographics]] of smoldering [[Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia]] | According to a recent [[Study design|study]] done in 2017, the following [[data]] was found out regarding [[epidemiology]] and [[demographics]] of smoldering [[Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia]]:<ref name="PophaliBartley2017">{{cite journal|last1=Pophali|first1=Priyanka Avinash|last2=Bartley|first2=Adam C.|last3=Kapoor|first3=Prashant|last4=Gonsalves|first4=Wilson I.|last5=Ashrani|first5=Aneel A.|last6=Marshall|first6=Ariela L.|last7=Siddiqui|first7=Mustaqeem Ahmad|last8=Go|first8=Ronald S.|title=Smoldering Waldenström’s macroglobulinemia (SWM): Analysis from the National Cancer Database (NCDB).|journal=Journal of Clinical Oncology|volume=35|issue=15_suppl|year=2017|pages=1573–1573|issn=0732-183X|doi=10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.1573}}</ref> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
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! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Proportion of Smoldering Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia | ! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + |Proportion of Smoldering Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |Sex | | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Sex (activity)|Sex]]''' | ||
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + | | | style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + | | ||
* [[Males]]: 27.72% | * [[Males]]: 27.72% | ||
* [[Females]]: 28.31% | * [[Females]]: 28.31% | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Race]] | | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Race]]''' | ||
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + | | | style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + | | ||
* White, non-hispanic: 28.97% | *[[White (mutation)|White]], non-[[Hispanic paradox|hispanic]]: 28.97% | ||
* White, Hispanic: 24.79% | *[[White (mutation)|White]], [[Hispanic paradox|Hispanic]]: 24.79% | ||
* Black: 21.01% | *[[Black]]: 21.01% | ||
* Asian: 20.41% | * Asian: 20.41% | ||
* Other: 26.08% | * Other: 26.08% | ||
|- | |- | ||
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |[[Age]] in years | | style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + |'''[[Age]] in [[Year|years]]''' | ||
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + | | | style="background:#F5F5F5;" align="center" + | | ||
* 18-49: 18.32% | * 18-49: 18.32% |
Revision as of 20:32, 29 July 2019
Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma Microchapters |
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mohsin, M.D.[2]
Overview
The prevalence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is estimated to be 1000-1500 cases in United States annually. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma represents 1-2% of all hematological cancers.
Epidemiology and Demographics
- Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is one of the rare subtypes of NHL accounting just 1-2% of it
Prevalence
- The prevalence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is estimated to be 1000-1,500 cases in United States annually[1][2]
Incidence
- LPL accounts for approximately 1% to 2% of hematologic cancers in United States and Western Europe[3][2]
- Worldwide, the overall age-adjusted incidence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma is 0.38 cases per 100,000 persons annually, increasing with age to 2.85 in patients above 80 years (or 5 cases per 1 million persons per year)[4]
- Incidence of LPL is approximately 8.3 cases per million persons per year[5]
- LPL incidence is approximately 10-fold lower in Asia[6]
- Majority of LPL patients are Caucasians, with other ethnic groups accounting for only 5 percent of cases[2]
- The age-adjusted incidence rate for males is 0.92 per 100,000 person-years[7]
- The age-adjusted incidence rate for females is 0.30 per 100,000 person-years[7]
- Combined age and sex-adjusted incidence is 0.57 per 100,000 person-years[7]
Age
- The incidence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma increases after 50 years of age[8]
Gender
- Men are twice more likely than women to develop LPL (5.4 vs. 2.7 per million, respectively) [1][9][10][3]
Race
- Higher incidence in whites (4.1 per million per year) comparative to blacks (1.8 per million per year) and in past 20 years, incidence in whites has elevated[1][9][5][3]
Epidemiology and demographics of Smoldering Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia
According to a recent study done in 2017, the following data was found out regarding epidemiology and demographics of smoldering Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia:[11]
Risk factors | Proportion of Smoldering Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia |
---|---|
Sex | |
Race | |
Age in years |
|
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Wang H, Chen Y, Li F, Delasalle K, Wang J, Alexanian R; et al. (2012). "Temporal and geographic variations of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia incidence: a large population-based study". Cancer. 118 (15): 3793–800. doi:10.1002/cncr.26627. PMID 22139816.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Groves FD, Travis LB, Devesa SS, Ries LA, Fraumeni JF (1998). "Waldenström's macroglobulinemia: incidence patterns in the United States, 1988-1994". Cancer. 82 (6): 1078–81. PMID 9506352.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Herrinton LJ, Weiss NS (1993). "Incidence of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia". Blood. 82 (10): 3148–50. PMID 8219203.
- ↑ Monge J, Braggio E, Ansell SM (2013). "Genetic factors and pathogenesis of Waldenström's macroglobulinemia". Curr Oncol Rep. 15 (5): 450–6. doi:10.1007/s11912-013-0331-7. PMC 3807757. PMID 23901022.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Morton LM, Wang SS, Devesa SS, Hartge P, Weisenburger DD, Linet MS (2006). "Lymphoma incidence patterns by WHO subtype in the United States, 1992-2001". Blood. 107 (1): 265–76. doi:10.1182/blood-2005-06-2508. PMC 1895348. PMID 16150940.
- ↑ Iwanaga M, Chiang CJ, Soda M, Lai MS, Yang YW, Miyazaki Y; et al. (2014). "Incidence of lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenström's macroglobulinaemia in Japan and Taiwan population-based cancer registries, 1996-2003". Int J Cancer. 134 (1): 174–80. doi:10.1002/ijc.28343. PMID 23784625.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Kyle, Robert A.; Larson, Dirk R.; McPhail, Ellen D.; Therneau, Terry M.; Dispenzieri, Angela; Kumar, Shaji; Kapoor, Prashant; Cerhan, James R.; Rajkumar, S. Vincent (2018). "Fifty-Year Incidence of Waldenström Macroglobulinemia in Olmsted County, Minnesota, From 1961 Through 2010: A Population-Based Study With Complete Case Capture and Hematopathologic Review". Mayo Clinic Proceedings. 93 (6): 739–746. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2018.02.011. ISSN 0025-6196.
- ↑ Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. American Cancer Society (2015)http://www.cancer.org/cancer/waldenstrommacroglobulinemia/detailedguide/waldenstrom-macroglobulinemia-risk-factors Accessed on November 6, 2015
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 Yun S, Johnson AC, Okolo ON, Arnold SJ, McBride A, Zhang L; et al. (2017). "Waldenström Macroglobulinemia: Review of Pathogenesis and Management". Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 17 (5): 252–262. doi:10.1016/j.clml.2017.02.028. PMC 5413391. PMID 28366781.
- ↑ Giordano TP, Henderson L, Landgren O, Chiao EY, Kramer JR, El-Serag H; et al. (2007). "Risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and lymphoproliferative precursor diseases in US veterans with hepatitis C virus". JAMA. 297 (18): 2010–7. doi:10.1001/jama.297.18.2010. PMID 17488966.
- ↑ Pophali, Priyanka Avinash; Bartley, Adam C.; Kapoor, Prashant; Gonsalves, Wilson I.; Ashrani, Aneel A.; Marshall, Ariela L.; Siddiqui, Mustaqeem Ahmad; Go, Ronald S. (2017). "Smoldering Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (SWM): Analysis from the National Cancer Database (NCDB)". Journal of Clinical Oncology. 35 (15_suppl): 1573–1573. doi:10.1200/JCO.2017.35.15_suppl.1573. ISSN 0732-183X.