Parathyroid adenoma classification: Difference between revisions

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{{Parathyroid adenoma}}
{{Parathyroid adenoma}}


{{CMG}}; {{AE}}  
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}{{Anmol}}  
==Overview==
==Overview==
There is no established system for the classification of [disease name].
Parathyroid adenoma may be classified according to location into 7 subtypes from type A gland to type G gland.
 
OR
 
[Disease name] may be classified according to [classification method] into [number] subtypes/groups: [group1], [group2], [group3], and [group4].
 
OR
 
[Disease name] may be classified into [large number > 6] subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].
[Disease name] may be classified into several subtypes based on [classification method 1], [classification method 2], and [classification method 3].
 
OR
 
Based on the duration of symptoms, [disease name] may be classified as either acute or chronic.
 
OR
 
If the staging system involves specific and characteristic findings and features:
According to the [staging system + reference], there are [number] stages of [malignancy name] based on the [finding1], [finding2], and [finding3]. Each stage is assigned a [letter/number1] and a [letter/number2] that designate the [feature1] and [feature2].
 
OR
 
The staging of [malignancy name] is based on the [staging system].
 
OR
 
There is no established system for the staging of [malignancy name].


==Classification==
==Classification==
Parathyroid may be classified according to location into 7 subtypes: <ref name="pmid19148701">{{cite journal| author=Perrier ND, Edeiken B, Nunez R, Gayed I, Jimenez C, Busaidy N et al.| title=A novel nomenclature to classify parathyroid adenomas. | journal=World J Surg | year= 2009 | volume= 33 | issue= 3 | pages= 412-6 | pmid=19148701 | doi=10.1007/s00268-008-9894-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19148701  }} </ref>
Parathyroid adenoma may be classified according to location into 7 subtypes: <ref name="pmid19148701">{{cite journal| author=Perrier ND, Edeiken B, Nunez R, Gayed I, Jimenez C, Busaidy N et al.| title=A novel nomenclature to classify parathyroid adenomas. | journal=World J Surg | year= 2009 | volume= 33 | issue= 3 | pages= 412-6 | pmid=19148701 | doi=10.1007/s00268-008-9894-0 | pmc= | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=19148701  }} </ref>


{|
{|
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! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + | Location
! style="background:#4479BA; color: #FFFFFF;" align="center" + | Location
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | Type A
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | '''Type A'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Adherent to the posterior thyroid parenchyma
* Adherent to the posterior thyroid parenchyma
Line 46: Line 20:
* Almost intracapsular
* Almost intracapsular
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | Type B
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | '''Type B'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Back behind the thyroid parenchyma
* Back behind the thyroid parenchyma
Line 53: Line 27:
* '''B+ gland''': An undescended gland high in the neck near the carotid bifurcation or mandible
* '''B+ gland''': An undescended gland high in the neck near the carotid bifurcation or mandible
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | Type C
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | '''Type C'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Could be mistaken for the esophagus when palpated
* Could be mistaken for the esophagus when palpated
Line 60: Line 34:
* Situated at the level of the inferior pole of the thyroid or inferior to the inferior pole of the thyroid (closer to the clavicle)
* Situated at the level of the inferior pole of the thyroid or inferior to the inferior pole of the thyroid (closer to the clavicle)
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | Type D
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | '''Type D'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Dissection is difficult as the gland is dangerously close to the recurrent laryngeal nerve
* Dissection is difficult as the gland is dangerously close to the recurrent laryngeal nerve
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | Type E
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | '''Type E'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* The most externally located gland
* The most externally located gland
* Easy to resect
* Easy to resect
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | Type F
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | '''Type F'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Fallen into the thyrothymic ligament
* Fallen into the thyrothymic ligament
Line 75: Line 49:
* Can be usually retrieved with delivery of the superior portion of the thymus
* Can be usually retrieved with delivery of the superior portion of the thymus
|-
|-
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | Type G
| style="background:#DCDCDC;" align="center" + | '''Type G'''
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
| style="background:#F5F5F5;" + |
* Got caught in thyroid tissue
* Got caught in thyroid tissue

Revision as of 15:22, 5 March 2019

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Anmol Pitliya, M.B.B.S. M.D.[2]

Overview

Parathyroid adenoma may be classified according to location into 7 subtypes from type A gland to type G gland.

Classification

Parathyroid adenoma may be classified according to location into 7 subtypes: [1]

Type Location
Type A
  • Adherent to the posterior thyroid parenchyma
  • Expected location of a normal gland
  • Almost attached
  • Almost intracapsular
Type B
  • Back behind the thyroid parenchyma
  • Exophytic to the thyroid parenchyma
  • Lies in the tracheoesophageal groove
  • B+ gland: An undescended gland high in the neck near the carotid bifurcation or mandible
Type C
  • Could be mistaken for the esophagus when palpated
  • Caudal to the thyroid parenchyma, in the tracheoesophageal groove
  • More inferior than a type B gland on lateral views
  • Situated at the level of the inferior pole of the thyroid or inferior to the inferior pole of the thyroid (closer to the clavicle)
Type D
  • Dissection is difficult as the gland is dangerously close to the recurrent laryngeal nerve
Type E
  • The most externally located gland
  • Easy to resect
Type F
  • Fallen into the thyrothymic ligament
  • May be referred as "ectopic"
  • Can be usually retrieved with delivery of the superior portion of the thymus
Type G
  • Got caught in thyroid tissue
  • Gated into the thyroid parenchyma
  • A true intra intrathyroidal gland is rare

References

  1. ↑ Perrier ND, Edeiken B, Nunez R, Gayed I, Jimenez C, Busaidy N; et al. (2009). "A novel nomenclature to classify parathyroid adenomas". World J Surg. 33 (3): 412–6. doi:10.1007/s00268-008-9894-0. PMID 19148701.

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