Neurofibroma differential diagnosis

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sara Mohsin, M.D.[2] Shanshan Cen, M.D. [3]

Overview

Neurofibroma must be differentiated from schwannoma, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP), ganglioneuroma, and melanocytic nevus.

Differential Diagnosis

Neurofibroma must be differentiated from:

• Schwannoma
• Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)
• Ganglioneuroma
• Melanocytic nevus
• Myxoid liposarcoma
• Solitary circumscribed neuroma (palisaded encapsulated neuroma)
• Traumatic neuroma
• Neurotized nevus
• Superficial angiomyxoma
• Nerve sheath myxoma
• Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST): has marked atypia and increased mitotic activity, may have necrosis
• Spindle cell lipoma
• Leiomyoma: has cigar-shaped nuclei, S100 negative, positive for smooth muscle actin and desmin
• Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: reactive spindle cells in inflammatory background

Differentiating neurofibroma from other diseases

Disease entity	Etiology (Genetic or other)	Histopathological findings	Immunohistochemical staining	Benign/Malignant	Risk factors	Common site of involvement	Clinical manifestations	Other associated features
Neurofibroma
Schwannoma
Palisaded encapsulated neuroma
Traumatic neuroma
Neurotized Melanocytic Nevus
Cutaneous Myxoma (Superficial angiomyxoma)
Nerve sheath myxoma
Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor
Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP)
Spindle cell lipoma

References

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