Carcinoma of the penis pathophysiology: Difference between revisions
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:* High-grade PIN (carcinoma [[in situ]]—[[Bowen's disease]], [[erythroplasia of Queyrat]] and [[bowenoid papulosis]] (BP)) | :* High-grade PIN (carcinoma [[in situ]]—[[Bowen's disease]], [[erythroplasia of Queyrat]] and [[bowenoid papulosis]] (BP)) | ||
:* Invasive carcinoma of the penis | :* Invasive carcinoma of the penis | ||
* Non-HPV related penile squamous cell cancers include: | |||
:*SCC usual type/NOS | |||
:*Pseudohyperplastic carcinoma | |||
:*Pseudoglandular carcinoma | |||
:*Verrucous carcinoma | |||
:*Carcinoma cuniculatum | |||
:*Papillary carcinoma NOS | |||
:*Adenosquamous carcinoma | |||
:*Sarcomatoid carcinoma | |||
==Gross Pathology== | ==Gross Pathology== | ||
Revision as of 03:09, 1 April 2019
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Editor(s)-in-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] Phone:617-632-7753; Joel Gelman, M.D. [2], Director of the Center for Reconstructive Urology and Associate Clinical Professor in the Department of Urology at the University of California,Irvine
Overview
On gross pathology, scaly patches or nodules, erythematous, and ulceration are characteristic findings of carcinoma of the penis. On microscopic histopathological analysis, keratinization and intercellular bridges are characteristic findings of carcinoma of the penis.
Pathogenesis
- Penile cancers traditionally begin as small lesions, most commonly on the glans or prepuce.
- About 95% of penile cancers develop from flat, scale-like cells called squamous cells. squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can develop anywhere on the penis, but most develop on the foreskin (in uncircumcised men) or the glans. This type of cancer is typically slow growing. When found early, it is often curable.
- Penile cancer arises from precursor lesions, which generally progress from low-grade to high-grade lesions.
- Penile malignant lesions and tumors, can be divided into HPV-related and non–HPV-related groups.
- For HPV related penile cancers this sequence is as follows:[1]
- Squamous hyperplasia
- Low-grade penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)
- High-grade PIN (carcinoma in situ—Bowen's disease, erythroplasia of Queyrat and bowenoid papulosis (BP))
- Invasive carcinoma of the penis
- Non-HPV related penile squamous cell cancers include:
- SCC usual type/NOS
- Pseudohyperplastic carcinoma
- Pseudoglandular carcinoma
- Verrucous carcinoma
- Carcinoma cuniculatum
- Papillary carcinoma NOS
- Adenosquamous carcinoma
- Sarcomatoid carcinoma
Gross Pathology
- Scaly patches or nodules
- Usually erythematous
- Ulceration
Microscopic Pathology
- On microscopic histopathological analysis, keratinization and intercellular bridges are characteristic findings of carcinoma of the penis.[2]
Grades of penile cancer
- Grading is a way of classifying penile cancer cells based on their appearance and behaviour when viewed under a microscope.[3]
- The grade of penile cancer is based on the degree of differentiation of cells and their rate of growth.
| Grade | Definition |
|---|---|
| GX | Grade of differentiation cannot be assessed |
| G1 | Well differentiated or low grade |
| G2 | Moderately well differentiated or moderate grade |
| G3 | Poorly differentiated or high grade |
| G4 | Undifferentiated or high grade |
References
- ↑ Bleeker MC, Heideman DA, Snijders PJ, Horenblas S, Dillner J, Meijer CJ (2009). "Penile cancer: epidemiology, pathogenesis and prevention". World J Urol. 27 (2): 141–50. doi:10.1007/s00345-008-0302-z. PMID 18607597.
- ↑ Accessed on Septermber, 30 2015 "Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis.Libre Pathology 2015" Check
|url=value (help). - ↑ Accessed on Septermber, 30 2015 "Grades of penile cancer.Canadian Cancer Society 2015" Check
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