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(Created page with "thumb|Hip fracture __NOTOC__ {{SI}} {{CMG}}; {{AE}}Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2]. ==Overview<ref name="pmid2757...")
 
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{{CMG}}; {{AE}}[[User:DrMars|Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2]]].
{{CMG}}; {{AE}}[[User:DrMars|Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2]]].


==Overview<ref name="pmid27576301">{{cite journal |vauthors=Collin PG, D'Antoni AV, Loukas M, Oskouian RJ, Tubbs RS |title=Hip fractures in the elderly-: A Clinical Anatomy Review |journal=Clin Anat |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=89–97 |date=January 2017 |pmid=27576301 |doi=10.1002/ca.22779 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid28473523">{{cite journal |vauthors=Rocos B, Whitehouse MR, Kelly MB |title=Resuscitation in hip fractures: a systematic review |journal=BMJ Open |volume=7 |issue=4 |pages=e015906 |date=May 2017 |pmid=28473523 |pmc=5623376 |doi=10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015906 |url=}}</ref><ref name="pmid29166235">{{cite journal |vauthors=Bhandari M, Swiontkowski M |title=Management of Acute Hip Fracture |journal=N. Engl. J. Med. |volume=377 |issue=21 |pages=2053–2062 |date=November 2017 |pmid=29166235 |doi=10.1056/NEJMcp1611090 |url=}}</ref> ==
==Overview ==


The "hip" joint is known as a ball-and-socket joint. It allows the femur bone to bend and rotate at the pelvis. Comparing to the injuries to the knee, ankle, and shoulder which are well documented, injuries to the hip, pelvis, and thigh get little attentions due to their lower prevalence. A hip fracture is a known as a fracture of the upper quarter of the femur bone while any other types of injuries to the socket, or acetabulum, itself is not considered a "hip fracture." Management of fractures to the socket is a completely different consideration. The hip fracture count as a serious problems associated with serious and life-threatening complications. Hip fractures most commonly occur due to the:
The "hip" joint is known as a ball-and-socket joint. It allows the femur bone to bend and rotate at the pelvis. Comparing to the injuries to the knee, ankle, and shoulder which are well documented, injuries to the hip, pelvis, and thigh get little attentions due to their lower prevalence. A hip fracture is a known as a fracture of the upper quarter of the femur bone while any other types of injuries to the socket, or acetabulum, itself is not considered a "hip fracture." Management of fractures to the socket is a completely different consideration. The hip fracture count as a serious problems associated with serious and life-threatening complications. Hip fractures most commonly occur due to the:
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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+
|+
!
! colspan="2" |Garden Classification
!
|-
|-
|'''Type I'''
|'''Type I'''
|distal fracture to the fovea capitis (below the fovea), a small fracture not involving the weightbearing surface
|undisplaced incomplete, including valgus impacted fractures
* medial group of femoral neck trabeculae may demonstrate a greenstick fracture
|-
|-
|'''Type II'''
|'''Type II'''
|proximal fracture to the fovea capitis (above the fovea), a large fracture involving the weightbearing surface
|undisplaced complete
* no disturbance of the medial trabeculae
|-
|-
|'''Type III'''
|'''Type III'''
|type I or II fracture with a fracture of the femoral neck, has an increased risk of avascular necrosis
|complete fracture, incompletely displaced
* femoral head tilts into a varus position causing its medial trabeculae to be out of line with the pelvic trabeculae
|-
|-
|'''Type IV'''
|'''Type IV'''
|type I or II fracture with a fracture of the acetabular wall, usually the posterior wall
|complete fracture, completely displaced
* femoral head aligned normally in the acetabulum and its medial trabeculae are in line with the pelvic trabeculae
|}
|}
[[File:Proximal-femoral-fractures-illustration.jpg|center|thumb|549x549px|Diagram demonstrating the various named proximal femoral fractures.]]
[[File:Proximal-femoral-fractures-illustration.jpg|center|thumb|549x549px|Diagram demonstrating the various named proximal femoral fractures.]]



Revision as of 13:00, 17 April 2019

Hip fracture

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Mohammadmain Rezazadehsaatlou[2].

Overview

The "hip" joint is known as a ball-and-socket joint. It allows the femur bone to bend and rotate at the pelvis. Comparing to the injuries to the knee, ankle, and shoulder which are well documented, injuries to the hip, pelvis, and thigh get little attentions due to their lower prevalence. A hip fracture is a known as a fracture of the upper quarter of the femur bone while any other types of injuries to the socket, or acetabulum, itself is not considered a "hip fracture." Management of fractures to the socket is a completely different consideration. The hip fracture count as a serious problems associated with serious and life-threatening complications. Hip fractures most commonly occur due to the:

Fall to the side of the hip A direct blow to the side of the hip Other medical conditions such as osteoporosis, cancer, or stress injuries affecting the strength. During fracture the most common site of fracture are:

The head of the femur The neck of the femur Between or below the greater trochanter and the lesser trochanters


Garden Classification

Garden Classification
Type I undisplaced incomplete, including valgus impacted fractures
  • medial group of femoral neck trabeculae may demonstrate a greenstick fracture
Type II undisplaced complete
  • no disturbance of the medial trabeculae
Type III complete fracture, incompletely displaced
  • femoral head tilts into a varus position causing its medial trabeculae to be out of line with the pelvic trabeculae
Type IV complete fracture, completely displaced
  • femoral head aligned normally in the acetabulum and its medial trabeculae are in line with the pelvic trabeculae
Diagram demonstrating the various named proximal femoral fractures.

Related Chapters

Template:Fractures


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References