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*MRI imaging study of retinoblastoma first introduced in 1980.<ref name="Schueler2003">{{cite journal|last1=Schueler|first1=A O|title=High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of retinoblastoma|journal=British Journal of Ophthalmology|volume=87|issue=3|year=2003|pages=330–335|issn=00071161|doi=10.1136/bjo.87.3.330}}</ref>
*MRI imaging study of retinoblastoma first introduced in 1980.<ref name="Schueler2003">{{cite journal|last1=Schueler|first1=A O|title=High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of retinoblastoma|journal=British Journal of Ophthalmology|volume=87|issue=3|year=2003|pages=330–335|issn=00071161|doi=10.1136/bjo.87.3.330}}</ref>
*This method is used as an extra diagnostic method to CT scan in suspected retinoblastoma cases especially in those whose CT scan imaging is doubtful for the presence of extra-ocular extension.<ref name="pmid22988349">{{cite journal |vauthors=Meel R, Radhakrishnan V, Bakhshi S |title=Current therapy and recent advances in the management of retinoblastoma |journal=Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=80–8 |date=April 2012 |pmid=22988349 |pmc=3439795 |doi=10.4103/0971-5851.99731 |url=}}</ref>
*This method is used as an extra diagnostic method to CT scan in suspected retinoblastoma cases especially in those whose CT scan imaging is doubtful for the presence of extra-ocular extension.<ref name="pmid22988349">{{cite journal |vauthors=Meel R, Radhakrishnan V, Bakhshi S |title=Current therapy and recent advances in the management of retinoblastoma |journal=Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol |volume=33 |issue=2 |pages=80–8 |date=April 2012 |pmid=22988349 |pmc=3439795 |doi=10.4103/0971-5851.99731 |url=}}</ref>
 
*MRI diagnostic value in the diagnosis of advanced retinoblastoma is greater than CT scan.<ref name="de Jongde Graaf2014">{{cite journal|last1=de Jong|first1=Marcus C.|last2=de Graaf|first2=Pim|last3=Noij|first3=Daniel P.|last4=Göricke|first4=Sophia|last5=Maeder|first5=Philippe|last6=Galluzzi|first6=Paolo|last7=Brisse|first7=Hervé J.|last8=Moll|first8=Annette C.|last9=Castelijns|first9=Jonas A.|title=Diagnostic Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography for Advanced Retinoblastoma|journal=Ophthalmology|volume=121|issue=5|year=2014|pages=1109–1118|issn=01616420|doi=10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.11.021}}</ref>
 
MRI findings diagnostic of retinoblastoma are:
 
*On T1 image:Hyperintense mass compared to vitrous body
 
*On T2 image:Hypointense mass compared to vitrous body
 
*It should be mentined that MRI is accurate for tumor staging and evaluation of metastatic risk factors.<ref name="de GraafBarkhof2005">{{cite journal|last1=de Graaf|first1=Pim|last2=Barkhof|first2=Frederik|last3=Moll|first3=Annette C.|last4=Imhof|first4=Saskia M.|last5=Knol|first5=Dirk L.|last6=van der Valk|first6=Paul|last7=Castelijns|first7=Jonas A.|title=Retinoblastoma: MR Imaging Parameters in Detection of Tumor Extent|journal=Radiology|volume=235|issue=1|year=2005|pages=197–207|issn=0033-8419|doi=10.1148/radiol.2351031301}}</ref>
 
 
[[MRI]] is the modality of choice for pre-treatment staging on retinoblastoma.
[[MRI]] is the modality of choice for pre-treatment staging on retinoblastoma.
*The MRI features of retinoblastoma include:<ref name="radio">  Retinoblastoma. Radiopedia(2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/retinoblastoma Accessed on October 10, 2015</ref>
*The MRI features of retinoblastoma include:<ref name="radio">  Retinoblastoma. Radiopedia(2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/retinoblastoma Accessed on October 10, 2015</ref>

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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [3]

Overview

On head and neck MRI, retinoblastoma is characterized by isointense to hypointense mass on T1-weighted MRI and hyperintense mass on T2-weighted MRI.[1]

MRI

  • MRI imaging study of retinoblastoma first introduced in 1980.[2]
  • This method is used as an extra diagnostic method to CT scan in suspected retinoblastoma cases especially in those whose CT scan imaging is doubtful for the presence of extra-ocular extension.[3]
  • MRI diagnostic value in the diagnosis of advanced retinoblastoma is greater than CT scan.[4]

MRI findings diagnostic of retinoblastoma are:

  • On T1 image:Hyperintense mass compared to vitrous body
  • On T2 image:Hypointense mass compared to vitrous body
  • It should be mentined that MRI is accurate for tumor staging and evaluation of metastatic risk factors.[5]

MRI is the modality of choice for pre-treatment staging on retinoblastoma.

  • The MRI features of retinoblastoma include:[1]
MRI component Features
T1
  • Intermediate signal intensity, hyperintense c.f. vitreous
T2
  • Hypointense c.f. vitreous
T1 contrast with gadolinium
  • The mass usually enhances relatively homogeneously when small
  • Larger tumors often have areas of necrosis, rendering it heterogeneous
  • Linear enhancement of the choroid beyond the margins of the tumour should raise the possibility of choroidal involvement, although inflammation may lead to similar appearance
  • Enhancement of the anterior chamber need not represent tumour involvement, with hyperaemia, uveitis and iris neovascularisation all leading to asymmetric enhancement
  • Careful assessment of the optic disc and optic nerve should be carried out to assess for involvement
  • Extra-ocular extension through the sclera will be visible as interruption of the otherwise hypointense non-enhancing sclera by enhancing tumour
Diffusion Weighted Imaging
  • The tumour shows restricted diffusion on DWI at high b values. It exhibits low ADC values in contrast to the high intensity of the vitreous in the ADC maps
  • ADC map can be used to differentiate viable and necrotic tumour
  • DWI is valuable in evaluating the response to eye-preservation treatment
Axial MRI showing retinoblastoma[6]
T1 MRI showing retinoblastoma[6]
T2 MRI showing retinoblastoma[6]

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Retinoblastoma. Radiopedia(2015) http://radiopaedia.org/articles/retinoblastoma Accessed on October 10, 2015
  2. ↑ Schueler, A O (2003). "High resolution magnetic resonance imaging of retinoblastoma". British Journal of Ophthalmology. 87 (3): 330–335. doi:10.1136/bjo.87.3.330. ISSN 0007-1161.
  3. ↑ Meel R, Radhakrishnan V, Bakhshi S (April 2012). "Current therapy and recent advances in the management of retinoblastoma". Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 33 (2): 80–8. doi:10.4103/0971-5851.99731. PMC 3439795. PMID 22988349.
  4. ↑ de Jong, Marcus C.; de Graaf, Pim; Noij, Daniel P.; Göricke, Sophia; Maeder, Philippe; Galluzzi, Paolo; Brisse, Hervé J.; Moll, Annette C.; Castelijns, Jonas A. (2014). "Diagnostic Performance of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography for Advanced Retinoblastoma". Ophthalmology. 121 (5): 1109–1118. doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2013.11.021. ISSN 0161-6420.
  5. ↑ de Graaf, Pim; Barkhof, Frederik; Moll, Annette C.; Imhof, Saskia M.; Knol, Dirk L.; van der Valk, Paul; Castelijns, Jonas A. (2005). "Retinoblastoma: MR Imaging Parameters in Detection of Tumor Extent". Radiology. 235 (1): 197–207. doi:10.1148/radiol.2351031301. ISSN 0033-8419.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Image courtesy of Radswiki Radiopaedia (original file [1]).[http://radiopaedia.org/licence Creative Commons BY-SA-NC

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