Retinoblastoma epidemiology and demographics: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
*The [[incidence]] of retinoblastoma in the United States has been reported 1.2 cases per 100,000 child aged 4 years or younger. The median age at [[diagnosis]] of retinoblastoma is 18 months. The average age at [[diagnosis]] of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral [[disease]] and [[bilateral]] [[disease]] is 24 months and 12 months respectively. Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally. There is no [[racial]] predilection to the development of | *The [[incidence]] of [[retinoblastoma]] in the United States has been reported 1.2 cases per 100,000 child aged 4 years or younger. The median age at [[diagnosis]] of [[retinoblastoma]] is 18 months. The average age at [[diagnosis]] of [[retinoblastoma]] for children with unilateral [[disease]] and [[bilateral]] [[disease]] is 24 months and 12 months respectively. [[Retinoblastoma]] affects males and females equally. There is no [[racial]] predilection to the development of [[retinoblastoma]]. | ||
==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ==Epidemiology and Demographics== | ||
===Incidence=== | ===Incidence=== | ||
*The [[incidence]] of retinoblastoma in the United States has been reported 1.2 cases per 100,000 child aged 4 years or younger.<ref name="FernandesPollock2018">{{cite journal|last1=Fernandes|first1=Arthur Gustavo|last2=Pollock|first2=Benjamin D.|last3=Rabito|first3=Felicia A.|title=Retinoblastoma in the United States: A 40-Year Incidence and Survival Analysis|journal=Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus|volume=55|issue=3|year=2018|pages=182–188|issn=0191-3913|doi=10.3928/01913913-20171116-03}}</ref> | *The [[incidence]] of [[retinoblastoma]] in the United States has been reported 1.2 cases per 100,000 child aged 4 years or younger.<ref name="FernandesPollock2018">{{cite journal|last1=Fernandes|first1=Arthur Gustavo|last2=Pollock|first2=Benjamin D.|last3=Rabito|first3=Felicia A.|title=Retinoblastoma in the United States: A 40-Year Incidence and Survival Analysis|journal=Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus|volume=55|issue=3|year=2018|pages=182–188|issn=0191-3913|doi=10.3928/01913913-20171116-03}}</ref> | ||
*The [[tumor]] [[incidence]] has been reported 0.049 cases per 100,000 child aged 5 to 9. | *The [[tumor]] [[incidence]] has been reported 0.049 cases per 100,000 child aged 5 to 9. | ||
===Age=== | ===Age=== | ||
*The median age at the time of [[diagnosis]] is 18 months.<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW| title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1998 | volume= 132 | issue= 3 Pt 1 | pages= 505-8 | pmid=9544909 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9544909 }} </ref> | *The median age at the time of [[diagnosis]] is 18 months.<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal| author=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW| title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma. | journal=J Pediatr | year= 1998 | volume= 132 | issue= 3 Pt 1 | pages= 505-8 | pmid=9544909 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=9544909 }} </ref> | ||
*The average age at [[diagnosis]] of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral [[disease]] and [[bilateral]] [[disease]] is 24 months and 12 months respectively.<ref name="pmid18621794">{{cite journal| author=Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD| title=Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2009 | volume= 93 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-3 | pmid=18621794 | doi=10.1136/bjo.2008.138750 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18621794 }} </ref> | *The average age at [[diagnosis]] of [[retinoblastoma]] for children with unilateral [[disease]] and [[bilateral]] [[disease]] is 24 months and 12 months respectively.<ref name="pmid18621794">{{cite journal| author=Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD| title=Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004. | journal=Br J Ophthalmol | year= 2009 | volume= 93 | issue= 1 | pages= 21-3 | pmid=18621794 | doi=10.1136/bjo.2008.138750 | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18621794 }} </ref> | ||
*However, cases of newly [[Diagnose|diagnosed]] retinoblastoma have been reported in children as old as 18 years and even in adults.<ref name="pmid4132770">{{cite journal| author=Binder PS| title=Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma. | journal=Am J Ophthalmol | year= 1974 | volume= 77 | issue= 5 | pages= 674-9 | pmid=4132770 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4132770 }} </ref><ref name="pmid6830100">{{cite journal| author=Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY| title=Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl. | journal=Ann Ophthalmol | year= 1983 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 88-91 | pmid=6830100 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6830100 }} </ref> | *However, cases of newly [[Diagnose|diagnosed]] [[retinoblastoma]] have been reported in children as old as 18 years and even in adults.<ref name="pmid4132770">{{cite journal| author=Binder PS| title=Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma. | journal=Am J Ophthalmol | year= 1974 | volume= 77 | issue= 5 | pages= 674-9 | pmid=4132770 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=4132770 }} </ref><ref name="pmid6830100">{{cite journal| author=Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY| title=Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl. | journal=Ann Ophthalmol | year= 1983 | volume= 15 | issue= 1 | pages= 88-91 | pmid=6830100 | doi= | pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=6830100 }} </ref> | ||
*In adult,retinoblastoma tends to present between 20 to 50 years of age.<ref name="pmid26035399">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaliki S, Shields CL, Gupta A, Mishra DK, Das C, Say EA, Shields JA |title=NEWLY DIAGNOSED ACTIVE RETINOBLASTOMA IN ADULTS |journal=Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) |volume=35 |issue=12 |pages=2483–8 |date=December 2015 |pmid=26035399 |doi=10.1097/IAE.0000000000000612 |url=}}</ref> | *In adult, [[retinoblastoma]] tends to present between 20 to 50 years of age.<ref name="pmid26035399">{{cite journal |vauthors=Kaliki S, Shields CL, Gupta A, Mishra DK, Das C, Say EA, Shields JA |title=NEWLY DIAGNOSED ACTIVE RETINOBLASTOMA IN ADULTS |journal=Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.) |volume=35 |issue=12 |pages=2483–8 |date=December 2015 |pmid=26035399 |doi=10.1097/IAE.0000000000000612 |url=}}</ref> | ||
*Trilateral retinoblastoma is a well-recognized [[syndrome]] that occurs in 5% to 15% of patients with [[heritable]] retinoblastoma and is defined by the [[development]] of an intracranial | *Trilateral [[retinoblastoma]] is a well-recognized [[syndrome]] that occurs in 5% to 15% of patients with [[heritable]] [[retinoblastoma]] and is defined by the [[development]] of an intracranial midline neuroblastic [[tumor]], which typically develops between the ages of 20 and 36 months. | ||
===Gender=== | ===Gender=== | ||
*Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally.<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW |title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma |journal=J. Pediatr. |volume=132 |issue=3 Pt 1 |pages=505–8 |date=March 1998 |pmid=9544909 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *[[Retinoblastoma]] affects males and females equally.<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW |title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma |journal=J. Pediatr. |volume=132 |issue=3 Pt 1 |pages=505–8 |date=March 1998 |pmid=9544909 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Race=== | ===Race=== | ||
*There is no [[racial]] predilection to the development of retinoblastoma.<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW |title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma |journal=J. Pediatr. |volume=132 |issue=3 Pt 1 |pages=505–8 |date=March 1998 |pmid=9544909 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | *There is no [[racial]] predilection to the development of [[retinoblastoma]].<ref name="pmid9544909">{{cite journal |vauthors=Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW |title=Presenting signs of retinoblastoma |journal=J. Pediatr. |volume=132 |issue=3 Pt 1 |pages=505–8 |date=March 1998 |pmid=9544909 |doi= |url=}}</ref> | ||
===Region=== | ===Region=== | ||
* | *[[Epidemiological]] data indicated that [[retinoblastoma]] has a higher [[incidence]] in some geographic areas.<ref>{{cite book | last = Singh | first = Arun | title = Clinical ophthalmic oncology | publisher = Elsevier Saunders | location = Edinburgh | year = 2007 | isbn = 978-1-4160-3167-3 }}</ref> | ||
*The table below provides regions with the highest incidence rate of retinoblastoma. | *The table below provides regions with the highest [[incidence rate]] of [[retinoblastoma]]. | ||
{| border="3" | {| border="3" | ||
|+ Annual incidence rate of retinoblastoma per 100,000 children aged 0-4 years old | |+ Annual [[Incidence (epidemiology)|incidence rate]] of [[retinoblastoma]] per 100,000 children aged 0-4 years old | ||
! Country !! Incidence | ! Country !! Incidence | ||
|- | |- | ||
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Simrat Sarai, M.D. [2]
Overview
- The incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States has been reported 1.2 cases per 100,000 child aged 4 years or younger. The median age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma is 18 months. The average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral disease and bilateral disease is 24 months and 12 months respectively. Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally. There is no racial predilection to the development of retinoblastoma.
Epidemiology and Demographics
Incidence
- The incidence of retinoblastoma in the United States has been reported 1.2 cases per 100,000 child aged 4 years or younger.[1]
- The tumor incidence has been reported 0.049 cases per 100,000 child aged 5 to 9.
Age
- The median age at the time of diagnosis is 18 months.[2]
- The average age at diagnosis of retinoblastoma for children with unilateral disease and bilateral disease is 24 months and 12 months respectively.[3]
- However, cases of newly diagnosed retinoblastoma have been reported in children as old as 18 years and even in adults.[4][5]
- In adult, retinoblastoma tends to present between 20 to 50 years of age.[6]
- Trilateral retinoblastoma is a well-recognized syndrome that occurs in 5% to 15% of patients with heritable retinoblastoma and is defined by the development of an intracranial midline neuroblastic tumor, which typically develops between the ages of 20 and 36 months.
Gender
- Retinoblastoma affects males and females equally.[2]
Race
- There is no racial predilection to the development of retinoblastoma.[2]
Region
- Epidemiological data indicated that retinoblastoma has a higher incidence in some geographic areas.[7]
- The table below provides regions with the highest incidence rate of retinoblastoma.
| Country | Incidence |
|---|---|
| Mali | 4.25 |
| Uganda | 2.4 |
| Zimbabwe | 2.33 |
| Hawaii | 2.25 |
| India | 1.96 |
| Vietnam | 1.89 |
| Singapore | 1.88 |
| New Zealand | (1.78-1.86) |
| Spain | 1.78 |
| Philippines | 1.74 |
| Colombia | 1.71 |
| Ecuador | 1.66 |
| Nigeria | 1.61 |
| Costa Rica | 1.57 |
| Peru | 1.55 |
References
- ↑ Fernandes, Arthur Gustavo; Pollock, Benjamin D.; Rabito, Felicia A. (2018). "Retinoblastoma in the United States: A 40-Year Incidence and Survival Analysis". Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology & Strabismus. 55 (3): 182–188. doi:10.3928/01913913-20171116-03. ISSN 0191-3913.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Abramson DH, Frank CM, Susman M, Whalen MP, Dunkel IJ, Boyd NW (1998). "Presenting signs of retinoblastoma". J Pediatr. 132 (3 Pt 1): 505–8. PMID 9544909.
- ↑ Broaddus E, Topham A, Singh AD (2009). "Incidence of retinoblastoma in the USA: 1975-2004". Br J Ophthalmol. 93 (1): 21–3. doi:10.1136/bjo.2008.138750. PMID 18621794.
- ↑ Binder PS (1974). "Unusual manifestations of retinoblastoma". Am J Ophthalmol. 77 (5): 674–9. PMID 4132770.
- ↑ Zakka KA, Yee RD, Foos RY (1983). "Retinoblastoma in a 12-year-old girl". Ann Ophthalmol. 15 (1): 88–91. PMID 6830100.
- ↑ Kaliki S, Shields CL, Gupta A, Mishra DK, Das C, Say EA, Shields JA (December 2015). "NEWLY DIAGNOSED ACTIVE RETINOBLASTOMA IN ADULTS". Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.). 35 (12): 2483–8. doi:10.1097/IAE.0000000000000612. PMID 26035399.
- ↑ Singh, Arun (2007). Clinical ophthalmic oncology. Edinburgh: Elsevier Saunders. ISBN 978-1-4160-3167-3.