Seminoma laboratory findings: Difference between revisions
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==Laboratory Findings== | ==Laboratory Findings== | ||
===Complete Blood Count=== | ===Complete Blood Count=== | ||
[[Complete blood count]] ([[Complete blood count|CBC]]) measures the number and quality of [[white blood cells]], [[Red blood cell|red blood cells]], and [[platelets]]. | [[Complete blood count]] ([[Complete blood count|CBC]]) measures the number and quality of [[white blood cells]], [[Red blood cell|red blood cells]], and [[platelets]]. | ||
===Blood Chemistry Tests=== | ===Blood Chemistry Tests=== | ||
*Blood chemistry tests that are used to diagnose testicular seminoma include the following: | *Blood chemistry tests that are used to diagnose testicular seminoma include the following: | ||
*[[LFT|Liver function tests]]: | *[[LFT|Liver function tests]]: | ||
**High levels of certain substances in the blood may mean that seminoma has spread to the liver. | **High levels of certain substances in the blood may mean that seminoma has spread to the liver. | ||
*Kidney function tests: | *Kidney function tests: | ||
**It is used before and after [[orchiectomy]]. | **It is used before and after [[orchiectomy]]. | ||
*Blood chemistry test are often done in preparation for testicular cancer treatments where they create a baseline, used to compare future levels. | *Blood chemistry test are often done in preparation for testicular cancer treatments where they create a baseline, used to compare future levels. | ||
===Tumor Marker Tests=== | ===Tumor Marker Tests=== | ||
*[[tumor marker|Serum tumor marker]] tests are generally used to check the response to cancer treatment. They can also be used to diagnose testicular cancer. | *[[tumor marker|Serum tumor marker]] tests are generally used to check the response to cancer treatment. They can also be used to diagnose testicular cancer. | ||
*The following tumor markers may be measured for testicular seminoma. | *The following tumor markers may be measured for testicular seminoma. | ||
:*Classical or pure seminoma do not cause an elevated [[AFP|serum alpha fetoprotein]]. | :*Classical or pure seminoma do not cause an elevated [[AFP|serum alpha fetoprotein]]. | ||
:*[[LDH|Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)]] may be the only marker that is elevated in some seminomas. The degree of elevation in the serum LDH has ''prognostic value'' in advanced seminoma. High LDH levels can indicate that the tumor is large, there is a large amount of cancer in the body, or the cancer is growing quickly. High levels can also mean that a man has advanced seminoma. LDH may also be high with some non-cancerous conditions. | :*[[LDH|Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)]] may be the only marker that is elevated in some seminomas. The degree of elevation in the serum LDH has ''prognostic value'' in advanced seminoma. High LDH levels can indicate that the tumor is large, there is a large amount of cancer in the body, or the cancer is growing quickly. High levels can also mean that a man has advanced seminoma. LDH may also be high with some non-cancerous conditions. | ||
Revision as of 14:19, 7 May 2019
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Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Sujit Routray, M.D. [2]
Overview
Common laboratory tests performed in seminoma include complete blood count and blood chemistry tests. Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of seminoma include abnormal serum tumor marker levels (LDH, HCG).
An elevated/reduced concentration of serum/blood/urinary/CSF/other [lab test] is diagnostic of [disease name].
OR
Laboratory findings consistent with the diagnosis of [disease name] include [abnormal test 1], [abnormal test 2], and [abnormal test 3].
OR
[Test] is usually normal for patients with [disease name].
OR
Some patients with [disease name] may have elevated/reduced concentration of [test], which is usually suggestive of [progression/complication].
Laboratory Findings
Complete Blood Count
Complete blood count (CBC) measures the number and quality of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
Blood Chemistry Tests
- Blood chemistry tests that are used to diagnose testicular seminoma include the following:
- Liver function tests:
- High levels of certain substances in the blood may mean that seminoma has spread to the liver.
- Kidney function tests:
- It is used before and after orchiectomy.
- Blood chemistry test are often done in preparation for testicular cancer treatments where they create a baseline, used to compare future levels.
Tumor Marker Tests
- Serum tumor marker tests are generally used to check the response to cancer treatment. They can also be used to diagnose testicular cancer.
- The following tumor markers may be measured for testicular seminoma.
- Classical or pure seminoma do not cause an elevated serum alpha fetoprotein.
- Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) may be the only marker that is elevated in some seminomas. The degree of elevation in the serum LDH has prognostic value in advanced seminoma. High LDH levels can indicate that the tumor is large, there is a large amount of cancer in the body, or the cancer is growing quickly. High levels can also mean that a man has advanced seminoma. LDH may also be high with some non-cancerous conditions.
- Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) may be elevated in some cases, but this correlates more to the presence of trophoblast cells within the tumor. HCG can also be high, if the man has liver disease.
- Blood tests may detect the presence of placental alkaline phosphatase (PLAP) in 50% of cases. However, PLAP cannot usefully stand alone as a marker for seminoma and contributes little to follow-up, due to its rise with smoking.