Paraneoplastic syndrome: Difference between revisions
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==Overview== | ==Overview== | ||
==Classification== | ==Classification== | ||
{{CMG}}; {{AE}} {{G.D.}} | |||
==Overview== | |||
A '''paraneoplastic syndrome''' is a [[disease]] or [[symptom]] that is the consequence of the presence of [[cancer]] in the body, but is not due to the local presence of cancer cells. These phenomena are mediated by [[humoral]] factors (by [[Hormone|hormones]] or [[Cytokine|cytokines]]) excreted by tumor cells or by an [[immune response]] against the [[tumor]]. Sometimes the symptoms of paraneoplastic syndromes show even before the diagnosis of a [[Malignant|malignancy]]. | |||
==Classification== | |||
Paraneoplastic syndromes can be divided into 4 main categories: | |||
*Mucocutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes <ref name="pmid9208889">{{cite journal |author=Cohen PR, Kurzrock R |title=Mucocutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes |journal=Semin. Oncol. |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=334–59 |year=1997 |pmid=9208889 |doi=}}</ref> | |||
**[[Dermatomyositis]] (25-50% of adult patients have an underlying malignancy) | |||
**[[Leser-Trelat sign|Leser-Trélat sign]], a sudden onset of many pigmented skin lesions | |||
**[[Acanthosis nigricans]] | |||
**[[Necrolytic migratory erythema]] | |||
**[[Sweet's syndrome]] | |||
**[[Pyoderma gangrenosum]] | |||
*Neurological paraneoplastic syndromes <ref>{{MeshName|Nervous+system+paraneoplastic+syndromes}}</ref> | |||
**[[Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration]] associated with lung, ovarian, breast, lymphatic, and other cancers | |||
**[[Encephalomyelitis]] (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord) | |||
**[[Limbic encephalitis]] | |||
**Brainstem encephalitis | |||
**[[Opsoclonus]] (involving eye movement) | |||
**[[Encephalitis]] triggered by a [[teratoma]]<ref name="pmid17262855">{{cite journal |author=Dalmau J, Tüzün E, Wu HY, ''et al'' |title=Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma |journal=Ann. Neurol. |volume=61 |issue=1 |pages=25–36 |year=2007 |month=January |pmid=17262855 |pmc=2430743 |doi=10.1002/ana.21050 |url=}}</ref> | |||
**[[Polymyositis]] | |||
**[[Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome]] (LEMS) in small-cell [[lung cancer]] | |||
*Hematological paraneoplastic syndromes <ref name="pmid9208888">{{cite journal |author=Staszewski H |title=Hematological paraneoplastic syndromes |journal=Semin. Oncol. |volume=24 |issue=3 |pages=329–33 |year=1997 |pmid=9208888 |doi=}}</ref> | |||
**[[Granulocytosis]] (increased [[granulocyte]]s) due to the production of [[Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor|G-CSF]] | |||
*Endocrine metabolic syndromes<ref>{{MeshName|Paraneoplastic+endocrine+syndromes}}</ref> | |||
**[[Hypercalcemia]] in [[breast cancer]] and [[lung cancer]] (typically squamous cell) due to the production of [[Parathyroid hormone-related protein|PTHrP]] (Parathyroid hormone-related protein) | |||
**[[Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone|SIADH]] associated w/ lung and CNS malignancies, typically [[Small cell carcinoma|small cell]]. | |||
**Ectopic [[ACTH]] secretion associated with [[Small cell carcinoma|small-cell lung cancer]], [[carcinoid tumor]], [[thymoma]] and other cancers | |||
**[[Tumor induced osteomalacia]] | |||
*Others that may not fit into any of the above categories include: | |||
**[[Membranous glomerulonephritis]] | |||
==Causes== | ==Causes== | ||
==Differential diagnosis== | ==Differential diagnosis== | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
Revision as of 13:49, 3 June 2019
|
Paraneoplastic syndrome Microchapters |
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1] ; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:
Synonyms and keywords: Paraneoplastic syndrome
Overview
Classification
Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [2]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief: Gertrude Djouka, M.D.[3]
Overview
A paraneoplastic syndrome is a disease or symptom that is the consequence of the presence of cancer in the body, but is not due to the local presence of cancer cells. These phenomena are mediated by humoral factors (by hormones or cytokines) excreted by tumor cells or by an immune response against the tumor. Sometimes the symptoms of paraneoplastic syndromes show even before the diagnosis of a malignancy.
Classification
Paraneoplastic syndromes can be divided into 4 main categories:
- Mucocutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes [1]
- Dermatomyositis (25-50% of adult patients have an underlying malignancy)
- Leser-Trélat sign, a sudden onset of many pigmented skin lesions
- Acanthosis nigricans
- Necrolytic migratory erythema
- Sweet's syndrome
- Pyoderma gangrenosum
- Neurological paraneoplastic syndromes [2]
- Paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration associated with lung, ovarian, breast, lymphatic, and other cancers
- Encephalomyelitis (inflammation of the brain and spinal cord)
- Limbic encephalitis
- Brainstem encephalitis
- Opsoclonus (involving eye movement)
- Encephalitis triggered by a teratoma[3]
- Polymyositis
- Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) in small-cell lung cancer
- Hematological paraneoplastic syndromes [4]
- Granulocytosis (increased granulocytes) due to the production of G-CSF
- Endocrine metabolic syndromes[5]
- Hypercalcemia in breast cancer and lung cancer (typically squamous cell) due to the production of PTHrP (Parathyroid hormone-related protein)
- SIADH associated w/ lung and CNS malignancies, typically small cell.
- Ectopic ACTH secretion associated with small-cell lung cancer, carcinoid tumor, thymoma and other cancers
- Tumor induced osteomalacia
- Others that may not fit into any of the above categories include:
Causes
Differential diagnosis
References
- ↑ Cohen PR, Kurzrock R (1997). "Mucocutaneous paraneoplastic syndromes". Semin. Oncol. 24 (3): 334–59. PMID 9208889.
- ↑ Nervous+system+paraneoplastic+syndromes at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- ↑ Dalmau J, Tüzün E, Wu HY; et al. (2007). "Paraneoplastic anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis associated with ovarian teratoma". Ann. Neurol. 61 (1): 25–36. doi:10.1002/ana.21050. PMC 2430743. PMID 17262855. Unknown parameter
|month=ignored (help) - ↑ Staszewski H (1997). "Hematological paraneoplastic syndromes". Semin. Oncol. 24 (3): 329–33. PMID 9208888.
- ↑ Paraneoplastic+endocrine+syndromes at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)