Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia pathophysiology

Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia Microchapters
Home
Overview
Historical perspective
Classification
Pathophysiology
Causes
Differentiating Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia from other Diseases
Epidemiology and Demographics
Risk Factors
Screening
Natural history, Complications, and Prognosis
Diagnosis
Diagnostic Study of Choice
History and Symptoms
Physical Examination
Laboratory Findings
Electrocardiogram
X-ray
Echocardiography and Ultrasound
CT scan
MRI
Other Imaging Findings
Other Diagnostic Studies
Treatment
Medical Therapy
Surgery
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Cost-Effectiveness of Therapy
Future or Investigational Therapies
Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia pathophysiology On the Web
Most recent articles
Most cited articles
Review articles
CME Programs
Powerpoint slides
Images
American Roentgen Ray Society Images of Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia pathophysiology All Images X-rays Echo & Ultrasound CT Images MRI
Ongoing Trials at Clinical Trials.gov
US National Guidelines Clearinghouse
NICE Guidance
FDA on Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia pathophysiology
CDC on Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia pathophysiology
Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia pathophysiology in the news
Blogs on Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia pathophysiology
Directions to Hospitals Treating Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia
Risk calculators and risk factors for Palmar plantar erythrodysesthesia pathophysiology

Editor-In-Chief: C. Michael Gibson, M.S., M.D. [1]; Associate Editor(s)-in-Chief:

Overview

The exact pathogenesis of [disease name] is not fully understood.

OR

It is thought that [disease name] is the result of / is mediated by / is produced by / is caused by either [hypothesis 1], [hypothesis 2], or [hypothesis 3].

OR

[Pathogen name] is usually transmitted via the [transmission route] route to the human host.

OR

Following transmission/ingestion, the [pathogen] uses the [entry site] to invade the [cell name] cell.

OR

[Disease or malignancy name] arises from [cell name]s, which are [cell type] cells that are normally involved in [function of cells].

OR

The progression to [disease name] usually involves the [molecular pathway].

OR

The pathophysiology of [disease/malignancy] depends on the histological subtype.

Pathophysiology

The exact pathogenesis of palmar plantar dysesthesia is not completely understood. Suggested explanations include:

• Direct toxic effect of the chemotherapeutic drug against epidermal cells (keratinocytes)

• Concentration and excretion of cytotoxic drug in eccrine sweat glands causing damage or alteration in these structures

• A type I (immunoglobulin E [IgE]-mediated) allergic reaction⁶, suggested based on the occasional co-occurrence of facial erythema/edema, papular rash, and fever.

Unique characteristics of the palms and the soles which justify their involvement as the preferred sites of involvement include^4,7,8: 

·       High density of eccrine sweat glands⁹

·       Absence of folliculosebaceous units (hair follicles and sebaceous glands)⁹

·       Thick stratum corneum⁹

·       Wide dermal papillae⁹

·       High proliferative rate of epidermal basal cells

·       The temperature and pressure gradient

·       Gravitation forces

·       Vascular anatomy peculiar to these areas

·       In cases caused by capecitabine, higher expression of the capecitabine-activating enzyme thymidine phosphorylase in the skin of the palms¹⁰

Associated Conditions

Conditions associated with [disease name] include:

• [Condition 1]
• [Condition 2]
• [Condition 3]

Gross Pathology

On gross pathology, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].

Microscopic Pathology

On microscopic histopathological analysis, [feature1], [feature2], and [feature3] are characteristic findings of [disease name].